Hallgeir Gammelsæter

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2023). Managing more than a football club. In Houben, Robby (Eds.), Research handbook on the law of professional football clubs. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 80220 696 8. p. 161–174. doi: 10.4337/9781802206975.00015. Show summary

  This original Research Handbook examines the key legal aspects of a professional football club’s actions. Reflecting also on the role of key governing bodies such as UEFA, the Handbook informs and contributes to the ongoing debate surrounding the governance and behaviours of professional football clubs.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Herskedal, Kjell Marius & Egilsson, Birnir (2023). Commodification spiralling down to the football’s grassroots : a case study on football’s ecological development. Managing Sport and Leisure. ISSN 2375-0472. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2023.2182826. Show summary

  Research question: In light of the widening financial and sporting gaps across nations, leagues, and clubs in European football, we ask what measures smaller nations take to keep track with the competition. In focusing on the case of Norway, we look at the major steps taken to increase the competitiveness of men’s football; explore the narratives that motivate these steps; and discuss conflicts and consequences arising across the initiatives and their effects on the larger ecosystem of football. Research methods: The study relies on open sources: documents from the football organizations; interviews by football’s spokespersons to media outlets; and opinion expressed in media by pundits and commentators. Results and findings: Concomitant with steepening the competition pyramid the football association and the premier league have targeted talent development through programmes that professionalize the social world of young players while increasingly putting social values and recruitment under pressure. Research contribution: The study is one of few that directs attention towards the ecosystem of European football beyond the developments at its apex. Practical implication: Football and public authorities should ask how far and how one should pursue talent for professional football before the system gets out of control. Keywords: grassroots football, sustainability, talent development, club football, eco-system

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Loland, Sigmund (2022). Code red for elite sport : a critique of sustainability in elite sport and a tentative reform program. European Sport Management Quarterly. ISSN 1618-4742. 23(1), p. 104–124. doi: 10.1080/16184742.2022.2096661. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Research question: Is elite sport compatible with environmental sustainability? This paper critically investigates elite sports’ possible future in a world where cutbacks in resource use, pollution, and greenhouse gas emission are indispensable measures towards environmental sustainability. Research methods: The paper is a conceptual and pragmatic inquiry that uses the current research literature to explore the logics of elite sport and its dynamics and alignment with paradigms of sustainability. Results and findings: Elite sport’s extensive engagement with governments and commercial agents pursuing prestige, growth, and profit has created a current state of overheating and runaway processes that threatens both sport’s internal values and nature itself. The situation begs extending the self-imposed constraints in sports practice to the governance of sport in a way that is fully compatible with elite sport. Implications: Provided concrete sustainability reforms are substantiated, on the innovation of equipment and technology, on state and commercial financing of elite sport, and on the organizing of competitions and mega-events, elite sport can flourish as a healthier and environmentally friendly social activity.

• Bjarnar, Ove; Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Management qualification and dissemination of knowledge in regional innovation systems : the case of Norway 1930s–1990s. In Wilson, John F.; Jones, Ian & Toms, Steven (Ed.), Knowledge management : dependency, creation and loss in industrial history. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-032-07727-7. p. 37–64. doi: 10.4324/9780429059001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This chapter provides a detailed empirical foundation for discussing the role of dissemination of technical, organizational, and managerial knowledge within regional innovation systems. Accordingly, it focuses on qualification for management in regional innovation systems. In Norway, the policy of transferring knowledge to regional business has developed through three different regimes with its respective systemic traits. The first regime was active from 1917 until 1953, based on the cooperation between small business advisory branches in the regions, Smaindustrikontorer, and a semi-public advisory organisation Statens teknologiske institutt (STI), which was set up in 1916 to facilitate flow of knowledge to businesses by the use of liaisons or consultants. The second regime emerged in 1953 was created in connection with the Marshall Plan and the productivity drive in Europe. The third regime emerged after 1987, as the Government decided that the County authorities should take over the local branches of the STI and be responsible for developing the regional flow of knowledge.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2020). Sport is not industry : bringing sport back to sport management. European Sport Management Quarterly. ISSN 1618-4742. 21(2), p. 257–279. doi: 10.1080/16184742.2020.1741013. Show summary

  Research question: The paper questions the widespread conceptualisation of sport as industry and business in the research field of sport management. It asks if the field largely neglects sport’s special quality and the study of how managing sport organisations has effects on sport and the sporting human. Research methods: The paper briefly reviews the recent debate of the sport management research field in its three leading journals, but despite being empirical in part, it is foremost a position and conceptual paper. To bring sport back to the centre of the research field, it suggests that sport is conceptualised as a unique institution in an inter-institutional system. Results and findings: In light of the massive increase of research papers published in the leading journals over the past decades, debate of where sport management research is going and whom it serves is scanty. It is likely that this deficiency reflects its immersion in an ideology of managerialism that leaves us unconcerned about the wider influence of our research field. Implications: The paper challenges the research field and its journal editorships to debate where sport management is going, and whom it serves. It encourages discussion that will revitalise and strengthen the discipline and its influence on the practice field of sport management. KEYWORDS: Sport industry, managerialism, institutional theory, institutional logics, sport management.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Walters, Geoff (2019). Ownership and governance in men’s professional football in Europe. In Shilbury, David & Ferkins, Lesley (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Sport Governance. Routledge. ISSN 9781138341234. p. 150–163. doi: 10.4324/9780429440250-10. Show summary

  This chapter provides an understanding of how ownership in professional football links to governance. Academic literature on ownership in European professional sport is limited, and almost entirely confined, to men’s football. The growing independence of professional leagues has led to increasing tensions with national presupposed national associations. The commercialisation phase is arguably underpinned by a commercial logic with the top level of professional sports widely recognised as part of the global entertainment industry. The emergence of different types of ownership and foreign profit-seeking investors has complicated the system of network governance. The historical pyramid of international football embodies a sport logic that departs from the meaning of doing sport and that there is a need for bodies that can organise tournaments and standardise as well as enforce rules. The research literature has established that the “winner’s curse” problem causes a challenge to profitability in European football.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Idrettsledelse og organisasjonskultur. In Sæther, Stig Arve (Eds.), Idrettsvitenskap : perspektiver og praksis. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215030913. p. 73–92. Show summary

  Norsk idrett preges både av stor bredde i antall medlemmer og høye topper i form av internasjonale prestasjoner. Hva kan suksessen skyldes: Er det den såkalte norske idrettsmodellen, de økonomiske rammene for idretten eller helt andre ting? Denne antologien tilbyr en grunnleggende innføring i idretten som fenomen og dens påvirkning på individ-, gruppe- og samfunnsnivå. Kapitlene tar særlig for seg ledelse, økonomi, trenerrollen, idrettspsykologi, treningslære, idrettstalentene, barne- og ungdomsidretten og kroppsøvingsfaget. Målet er å gi et godt svar på hva som påvirker og forklarer norsk idretts viktige rolle i det norske samfunnet.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Points, pounds, and politics in the governance of football. In Chadwick, Simon; Parnell, Daniel; Widdop, Paul & Anagnostopoulos, Christos (Ed.), Routledge handbook of football business and management. Routledge. ISSN 9781138579071. p. 44–56. doi: 10.4324/9781351262804-5. Show summary

  Initially football was organised as a grassroots activity and at the top end it was sometimes supported by community-based enterprises or philanthropists that did not require financial returns. In large parts of the world recruitment into football still relies on community-based initiatives and volunteering, and on the autotelic motivation of the individual athlete. However, football is also defined by the market as an industry and the sport and its best clubs and athletes are increasingly being commodified to generate ever more revenue, to benefit owners, sponsors, media corporations, players, and its governing bodies and their officers. The increasing commercialisation and commodification of football challenges governance structures at local, national, and international levels. It is further notable that states still regulate sport, directly and indirectly. Bosman and Brexit may serve as recent reminders, but political bodies have always and for many different reasons seen sport as a vehicle for their own interests, whether or not these are in the interest of the people. This chapter explores how this interplay of institutional logics and constituencies explains the governance and development of football.

• Nujen, Bella Belerivana; Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld; Damm, Rickard & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2018). Managing reversed (global) outsourcing : the role of knowledge, technology and time. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. ISSN 1741-038X. 29(4), p. 676–698. doi: 10.1108/JMTM-02-2017-0023. Show summary

  Purpose: Against the recent trend toward reversed global outsourcing, the purpose of this paper is to provide insights on how the internal process can be handled once the decision on reverse outsourcing has been made. The authors focus in particular on in-house knowledge and technology requirements. Design/methodology/approach: To explore the topic at hand, the researchers conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with five companies operating in two different industry sectors. Findings: Reversed outsourcing accentuates challenges relating to retained knowledge. When embarking on reversed outsourcing, companies need to acknowledge the effort to revive and renew capabilities in order to perform technical operations and advanced manufacturing production. Research limitations/implications: The research is based on case studies in a Scandinavian context. Further empirical research from other high-cost locations is needed to validate the findings. Originality/value: Explorative qualitative research is scarce in the emergent literature on reversed outsourcing. The paper provides practical and theoretical insights into how to handle diminishing knowledge in companies that are re-evaluating their sourcing strategies. It adds a knowledge dimension within the emergent literature. A framework for key success factors and propositions is also provided. Keywords: knowledge transfer, outsourcing, manufacturing strategy, capabilities, technology implementation, reversed outsourcing, backshoring

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). Media visibility and place reputation : does sport make a difference? Journal of Place Management and Development. ISSN 1753-8335. 10(3), p. 288–298. doi: 10.1108/JPMD-01-2017-0004. Show summary

  Purpose: The paper aims to contribute to the research field on the reputation effects of hosting sport entities. It asks if sport by boosting the visibility of places increases the attention of other domains of activity at the place, such as culture, politics and business. Design/methodology/approach: By using a full text database, the study compares media coverage across cities of similar size that host/do not host a premier professional football club. Qualitative screening is used to compare coverage of diverse domains related to the place. Findings: Hosting a top football club largely magnifies the media coverage of a city. There is no indication that sport media coverage enhances media exposure of other attributes connected to the place. Research limitations/implications: The study does not measure the effects media coverage has on individuals. Further research should address this issue. Practical implications: Place branding through sport media coverage does not automatically exhibit other qualities of a place. If places intend to expose its diversity through sport, a deliberate “branding through sport campaign” must be considered. Originality/value: The study is unique in relating media coverage of sport teams to visibility of other activities of a city. It is the first to measure how sport media coverage impacts on place exposure. Keywords: sport event, football, city reputation, media exposure, sport media

• Dolles, Harald; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Solenes, Oskar & Straume, Solveig (2016). The Janus-faced relationship value of professional sports clubs : a study of Molde Football Club, Norway. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 2000-088X. 7, p. 47–61. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Professional sport clubs can be analyzed according to the extent their offers affect the community and the individual. The “use value” takes into account the individual benefits of watching a sporting competition, whereas the “non-use” reflects the externalities of a sports club and its sports events towards people not particular interested in the sport in question. Both values are commonly investigated within the local context, however in an explorative study of the Norwegian football club Molde FK, a sample of 29 young people that had taken up residence in a different part of the country from where they grew up was analyzed in order to find out what “relationship” value a sports club from their home town still has in their lives. Despite the fact that the sample turned out to contain very few passionate football fans, it also revealed that Molde FK still is present in the lives of non-football fans. We conclude that the football club functions as a frequent reminder of the hometown for people that have migrated, and thus, the non-use value might extend beyond the individual’s (lack of) interest for football. Further, the football club and its activities serve at the same time as a foundation for conversations that might support migrators to extend and to build up social capital at their new location. Keywords: sports clubs, football, impact studies, use value, non-use value, existence value, option value, bequest value, sport events, fans

• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Hervik, Arild & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2014). Research Note: A regression that probably never should have been performed – the case of Norwegian top-league football attendance. European Journal of Sport Studies (EJSS). ISSN 2282-5673. 2(2), p. 61–72. doi: 10.12863/ejssax2x2-2014x1. Show summary

  In this research note, we discuss a peculiar development in the Norwegian top football league - ‘Tippeliagen’. Since 2007, a significant drop in attendance numbers has been observed, and we investigate possible causes through regression analysis. Our main findings indicate that we can explain the complete attendance figures from 1993 to 2013 by a surprisingly simple regression model, including only (binary) new stadium variables. In addition, we estimate the duration of stadium attendance effects that turns out to be 5 years in Norway. In latter parts of the note, we discuss the sense in this model and conclude that a ’gametheoretic’ signaling model may prove worthwhile as an underlying explanatory model. Keywords: Demand, Regression Analysis, Football Attendance, ‘Tippeligaen’

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Solenes, Oskar (2013). Money in – brains out? Institutional logics affecting athletes’ preparation for alternative careers. European Journal for Sport and Society (EJSS). ISSN 1613-8171. 10(3), p. 267–289. doi: 10.1080/16138171.2013.11687922. Show summary

  Competitive sport encourages athletes to put all their effort into excelling in their sport despite the fact that sport careers are short and can be abruptly terminated. This study addresses the issue of dual career preparation among team sport athletes in a sample comprising Norwegian full-professional male soccer players and semi-professional soccer and handball players. Professional athletes hardly spend more time on their sport than do semi-professional top players, but while the latter group of athletes combine sports careers and higher education (or work), professional players tend to spend their leisure time more with family and friends. A competing institutional logics approach is utilised to analyse the data and reflect on social influences on athletes’ choice of career preparation. Keywords: Higher education; dual careers; institutional logics; soccer; handball.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2013). Leader succession and effectiveness in team sport : a critical review of the coach succession literature. Sport, Business and Management. ISSN 2042-678X. 3(4), p. 285–296. doi: 10.1108/SBM-06-2013-0015. Show summary

  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically review the part of the leader succession literature which is based on coach turnover in sport teams. The aim of this paper is to assess the state of the art and the relevance of this literature for sport management and further research. Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive reading of the extant scientific literature and a critical assessment of its conceptual and methodological foundations. Findings – The assumptions guiding the coach succession are not based on insights about the idiosyncrasies of team sport and its management. These flaws render the research findings of the research dubious and leave us with little reliable information of what influence coaches have on their teams and what the impact is of the high turnover of head coaches in professional team sport. Research limitations/implications – Leader succession research in sport is heavily flawed because it has not been informed by qualitative studies exploring the contextual conditions under which the coaches work. It follows that qualitative studies of the impact of coaches is highly wanted. Furthermore, the generalization from findings in sport across other spheres of social life should be addressed with caution because sport is much more idiosyncratic than has been assumed in the coach succession literature. Originality/value – This is the first review of the leader succession literature from a sport management perspective. It provides a profound critique of the research on coach succession in team sport.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (2013). The governance of the game : a review of the research on football's governance. In Söderman, Sten & Dolles, Harald (Ed.), Handbook of research on sport and business. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978-1-84980-005-1. p. 142–160. doi: 10.4337/9781781005866.00015.
• Iversen, Hans Petter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Reformer i utakt. Selvorganisering eller avstandsledelse i psykisk helsevern? :. Nordiske organisasjonsstudier. ISSN 1501-8237. 14(1), p. 28–50. Show summary

  I artikkelen analyserer vi et komplekst forhold mellom organisering, ledelse, faglighet og faglig samarbeid i psykisk helsevern i Norge. Analysen tar utgangspunkt i to nasjonale reformer som omfatter psykisk helseområdet – opptrappingsplanen for psykisk helse og sykehusreformen – og to teoretiske perspektiver brukes til å analysere de to reformene – et rasjonalistiskformativt og et relasjonelttransformativt perspektiv. Artikkelen svarer på spørsmålet om hvordan sykehusreformen og opptrappingsplanen påvirker logistikken i psykisk helsevern gjennom de fagideologiske retningene reformene favoriserer. Analysen viser at de to reformene bidrar til å trekke psykisk helseområdet i ulike og ofte motstridende retninger. Opptrappingsplanen har bidratt til å modernisere og åpne området for nærhetsfaglighet og anerkjennende samarbeidsformer. En videre utvikling i denne retningen vil forutsete nærhetsledelse og en åpen organisering. Sykehusreformens prinsipper og logikk favoriserer derimot avstandsfaglighet, systemisk samarbeid, avstandsledelse og fragmentert samordning.

• Askvik, Steinar; Espedal, Bjarne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Innledning. In Askvik, Steinar; Espedal, Bjarne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Ed.), Kunnskap om ledelse - Festskrift for Torodd Strand. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-1187-6. p. 11–21.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Fotballkommersialisering uten bremser? In Hanstad, Dag Vidar; Breivik, Gunnar; Sisjord, Mari Kristin & Skaset, Hans B. (Ed.), Norsk Idrett - Indre spenning og ytre press. Akilles forlag. ISSN 978-82-7286-228-1. p. 277–293.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Ledelse når ledere byttes ut : et kritisk blikk på idretten som laboratorium i ledelsesforskningen. In Askvik, Steinar; Espedal, Bjarne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Ed.), Kunnskap om ledelse - Festskrift for Torodd Strand. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-1187-6. p. 109–130.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (2011). Understanding the governance of football across Europe. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (Ed.), The organisation and governance of top football across Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-88378-8. p. 268–291.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Storm, Rasmus K. & Söderman, Sten (2011). Diverging Scandinavian approaches to professional football. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (Ed.), The organisation and governance of top football across Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-88378-8. p. 77–92.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (2011). Perspectives on the governance of football across Europe. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (Ed.), The organisation and governance of top football across Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-88378-8. p. 1–16.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2010). Institutional Pluralism and Governance in “Commercialized” Sport Clubs. European Sport Management Quarterly. ISSN 1618-4742. 10(5), p. 569–594. doi: 10.1080/16184742.2010.524241. Show summary

  In the European context "commercialized" sport clubs (CSCs) typically operate in multiple social spheres where different institutional logics prevail and hence CSCs are faced with having to be many different things to many different people. In this article a tentative typology of seven institutional logics that combine to constitute the CSC is outlined and their interrelations and implications for governance are discussed. Drawing extensively on institutional organization theory, the article dentifies the need for leadership to create organizations that become an end in their own right despite the multitude of logics that constitutes them.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). The organization of professional football in Scandinavia. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 10(3-4), p. 305–323. doi: 10.1080/14660970902771373. Show summary

  Against the backdrop that Scandinavia is still a fairly homogenous region which also characterizes its traditions in sport this essay is a first comparative exploration into the way(s) in which football is being organized in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The essay shows that although the skeleton of the organization of football is very similar across the three countries, there are also remarkable differences, such as the implementation of licensing standards, the national differences in the way clubs are organized and in the relations between the football authorities, top clubs and organized players. Sweden, although first to lift the ban on professional football, proves to have followed a more prudent path to developing top football than have its Scandinavian counterparts. Despite this it is questionable whether Denmark and Norway have performed better than the Swedes on the international arena.

• Jakobsen, Stig-Erik; Fløysand, Arnt & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). The spatial embeddedness of professional football clubs in Norway. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 10(2), p. 261–279. doi: 10.1080/14660970802601753. Show summary

  In tune with professional football in other European countries, Norwegian football has experienced increased commercialization and a growing international influence since the mid‐1990s. A conventional view is that such processes will result in a de‐coupling or dis‐embedding of the organization from its local context. By analysing the spatiality of the club–environment linkages, and the inter‐dependency between football clubs and its institutional contexts, our study puts this assumption to the test. The essay demonstrates that the practice of top football clubs is still influenced by their local context. In some aspects, the linkages between the club and its community have even been intensified. The organization of football clubs involves the recasting of social, economic and cultural processes both upwards and downwards in scale, rather than being reduced to the upscaling of processes from a local to a global scale. Clubs seem to intensify simultaneously their local anchoring and stretching their geographical scope. Thus, as the essay tries to show, it is important to identify the distinctiveness or the local flavour of this spatial rescaling in selected cases.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig Erik (2008). Models of organization in Norwegian professional soccer. European Sport Management Quarterly. ISSN 1618-4742. 8 (1), p. 1–25. Show summary

  The article departs from the observation that Norway's men's top football clubs, in contrast to clubs in most other countries, are not permitted to organize as pure public limited companies (plcs). The clubs are organized as voluntary associations, but since 1992, top clubs have developed contractual relationships with plcs to attract investments from commercial actors. In this article we ask if this dual governance structure is just a schizoid state of affairs treading a pathway between voluntary and corporate organization, or if it is in fact viable, reflecting characteristics of the national system that restrict the dominance of business on sport organizations. The article shows that pressures on field level, national systems level and club level all impact on the organizing of men's soccer clubs.

• Rusten, Grete; Bryson, John R. & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2005). Dislocated versus local business service expertise and knowledge: the acquisition of external management consultancy expertise by small and medium-sized enterprises in Norway. Geoforum. ISSN 0016-7185. 36(4), p. 525–539. Show summary

  This paper explores the logic driving the evolving geography of business service provider/suppler relationships in Norway. It explores the ways in which Norwegian SMEs access external knowledge provided by management consultants through three case studies that have been developed using a matched pairs methodology (clients and consultants). The paper highlights the relationships between geography and client sourcing of external knowledge and expertise in three kinds of client/consultant relationship: local (clustered) knowledge; dislocated or distantiated knowledge, and; knowledge that is relatively distance insensitive. The concept of dislocated expertise or knowledge adds an additional dimension to literatures that highlight the importance of localised knowledge and strategies to reduce transaction costs, as well as providing insights into the complex relationships that occur between suppliers and consumers of knowledge and expertise. The importance of local business cultures and patriotic purchasing are also identified as playing important roles in influencing the behaviour of Norwegian firms. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Torjesen, Dag Olaf (2005). Ledelse mellom autonomi og innsyn i helseforetaket. Nordiske organisasjonsstudier. ISSN 1501-8237. 7(2), p. 77–94.
• Arbo, Peter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Den nye innovasjonspolitiske scenen. In Arbo, Peter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Ed.), Innovasjonspolitikkens scenografi : nye perspektiver på næringsutvikling. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 82-519-1935-5. p. 9–22.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Nordvestlandet : både og - og verken eller. Plan: Tidsskrift for samfunnsplanlegging, byplan og regional utvikling. ISSN 0805-083X. p. 34–37.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Nord-Vestlandet - klemt mellom storbyregioner. In Onsager, Knut & Selstad, Tor (Ed.), Regioner i utakt. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-1936-4. p. 168–196.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Rusten, Grete & Bryson, John R. (2004). Combinational and dislocated knowledge and the Norwegian client-consultant relationship. Service Industries Journal. ISSN 0264-2069. 24(1), p. 155–170. doi: 10.1080/02642060412331301182. Show summary

  This article make two contributions to the literature on producer services. First, the "knowledge combinational" problem of small firms is identified and explored in relation to the interplay of forms of internal and external expertise and knowledge. Second, the role geographic distance plays in a company's decision to employ a particular consultant is explored. The importance, in specific situations, of forms of dislocated expertise or knowledge is identified. By this is meant external expertise that is removed from the client's local social milieu. The article is based on detailed case studies of two small Norwegian companies.

• Bjarnar, Ove; Løseth, Arnljot & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Næringskulturer på Nord-Vestlandet : myter og realiteter. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bukve, Oddbjørn & Løseth, Arnljot (Ed.), Nord-Vestlandet - liv laga?. Sunnmørsposten Forlag. ISSN 82-91450-11-0. p. 74–89.
• Bukve, Oddbjørn & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Hvordan kan vi forstå regional utvikling? In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bukve, Oddbjørn & Løseth, Arnljot (Ed.), Nord-Vestlandet - liv laga?. Sunnmørsposten Forlag. ISSN 82-91450-11-0. p. 52–73.
• Bukve, Oddbjørn & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Nord-Vestlandet - liv laga? In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bukve, Oddbjørn & Løseth, Arnljot (Ed.), Nord-Vestlandet - liv laga?. Sunnmørsposten Forlag. ISSN 82-91450-11-0. p. 9–21.
• Berge, Dag Magne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Innovasjonspolitikkens uutholdelige tålmodighet. In Arbo, Peter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Ed.), Innovasjonspolitikkens scenografi : nye perspektiver på næringsutvikling. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 82-519-1935-5. p. 167–184.
• Kipping, Matthias; Furusten, Staffan & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Converging towards American dominance? : developments and structures of consultancy fields in Europe. Entreprises et Histoire. ISSN 1161-2770. p. 25–40.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Managers and consultants as embedded actors : evidence from Norway. In Kipping, Mathias & Engwall, Lars (Ed.), Management consulting : emergence and dynamics of a knowledge industry. Oxford University Press. ISSN 0-19-924285-2. p. 222–237.
• Berge, Dag Magne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Høgskolene i innovasjonspolitikken. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Høgskoler til besvær : når statlige reformer møter lokale institusjoner og ambisjoner. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 82-7674-828-7. p. 136–159.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Faglig ledelse : fra koordinering av individualister til styring av institusjoner? In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Høgskoler til besvær : når statlige reformer møter lokale institusjoner og ambisjoner. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 82-7674-828-7. p. 97–116.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Styringslogikker i høgskolesystemet. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Høgskoler til besvær : når statlige reformer møter lokale institusjoner og ambisjoner. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 82-7674-828-7. p. 27–47.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Høgskolene som riktige organisasjoner : en introduksjon. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Høgskoler til besvær : når statlige reformer møter lokale institusjoner og ambisjoner. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 82-7674-828-7. p. 7–26.
• Bjarnar, Ove; Amdam, Rolv Petter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Management qualifications and dissemination of knowledge in regional systems : the case of Norway, 1930s-1990s. Journal of Industrial History. ISSN 1463-6174. 4(2), p. 75–93.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjarnar, Ove (2000). Mellom akademia og regionalt næringsliv : betingelser for en vellykket innovasjonspolitikk. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Innovasjonspolitikk, kunnskapsflyt og regional utvikling. Tapir. ISSN 82-519-1592-9. p. 45–59.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2000). Kunnskapsflyt og regional innovasjon - en introduksjon. In Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (Eds.), Innovasjonspolitikk, kunnskapsflyt og regional utvikling. Tapir. ISSN 82-519-1592-9. p. 9–20.
• Bjarnar, Ove & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1996). Managing management teams : a challenge for management education. In Amdam, Rolv Petter (Eds.), Management education and competitiveness : Europe, Japan and the United States. Routledge. ISSN 0-415-12092-6. p. 227–245.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1994). Divisionalization : structure or process? : a longitudinal perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Management. ISSN 0956-5221. 10(3), p. 331–346. Show summary

  In this paper the author questions the idea of divisionalization as a clear-cut organizational configuration of structural elements ready to be adopted and smoothly implemented in almost any kind of business or public organization, given certain objective situational criteria. The research presented here shows: (1) that, rather than resulting from purely rational choices in the face of objective and unambiguous situational criteria, divisionalization may be introduced as the result of a political-institutional process in which reference to situational contingencies may be frequent; and (2) that the process of divisionalization may be very timeconsuming, sometimes spanning decades, because the initial shift in formal structure is not easily matched by a shift in managerial interpretive schemes.

View all works in Cristin

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Poeng, penger og politikk : et institusjonelt perspektiv på idrettsledelse . Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202520885. 295 p.
• Askvik, Steinar; Espedal, Bjarne & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Kunnskap om ledelse - Festskrift for Torodd Strand. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 978-82-450-1187-6. 180 p.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (2011). The organisation and governance of top football across Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-88378-8. 311 p.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bukve, Oddbjørn & Løseth, Arnljot (2004). Nord-Vestlandet - liv laga? Sunnmørsposten Forlag. ISBN 82-91450-11-0. 277 p.
• Arbo, Peter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Innovasjonspolitikkens scenografi : nye perspektiver på næringsutvikling. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISBN 82-519-1935-5. 357 p.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Høgskoler til besvær : når statlige reformer møter lokale institusjoner og ambisjoner. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 82-7674-828-7. 193 p.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Ohr, Frode (2002). Kampen uten ball : om penger, ledelse og identitet i norsk fotball. Abstrakt forlag. ISBN 8279350578. 207 p.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2000). Innovasjonspolitikk, kunnskapsflyt og regional utvikling. Tapir. ISBN 82-519-1592-9. 249 p.

View all works in Cristin

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld & Berg, Dag-Erik (2024). Digitaliseringens uutholdelige letthet. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Solberg, Harry Arne; Sætre, Irene Lange; Kringstad, Morten; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Vik, Erlend [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Fra toppen av Haugen : historien gjentar seg for tabelltipping-kongen. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld (2022). Kan vi få oppleve reell innflytelse? Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Anagnostopoulos, Christos (2022). Sport management : mission and meaning for a new era. European Sport Management Quarterly. ISSN 1618-4742. 22(5), p. 637–642. doi: 10.1080/16184742.2022.2100918.
• James, Luke; Swoboda, A. J.; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Hawkins, Ed & Haugstad, Thore (2022). Skyggespillene. [Internet]. nrk.no/sport.
• Krumer, Alex & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2022). De fattige subsidierer de rike . Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. p. 78–79.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Solberg, Harry Arne; Sætre, Irene Lange; Loktu, Morten; Guvåg, Bjørn & Owren, Brynjulf [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2022). Fra toppen av Haugen : årets vinner er fra NTNU. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld (2021). Ledelse på avveie. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Krumer, Alex & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Gir flere kamper mellom de beste lagene større publikums­interesse? Forskersonen.no.
• Krumer, Alex & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Gir flere kamper mellom de beste lagene større publikumsinteresse? Nettavisen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Kelly, Seamus; Moen, Teddy; Hillestad, Tore & von Munchow, Otto (2021). Fotballmanager vs bedriftsleder - likheter og forskjeller. [Newspaper]. Dagens Perspektiv. Show summary

  Sportslig suksess mer enn overskudd. Tilfeldigheter og flaks, mer enn langsiktige strategier. Det er forskjeller mellom fotballedelse og bedriftsledelse. Men likhetene er flere. Evnen til å inspirere og motivere er viktig begge steder.

• Kelly, Seamus; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Moen, Teddy; Hillestad, Tore; Kalvenes, Christian & von Munchow, Otto (2021). På toppen i verdens beste liga. [Newspaper]. Dagens Perspektiv. Show summary

  Premier League - toppdivisjonen av engelsk fotball - er verdens mest populære sportsliga. Det har gitt et enormt fokus på lagene, spillerne - og ikke minst trenerne, eller managerne som de kalles i dag.

• Mitten, Andy; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Mueller, Hanne Skjellum; Hagen, Andreas & Hoel, Yasmin Sunde (2021). Spår flere protester: Dette er kravene fra supporterne. [Internet]. nrk.no. Show summary

  Manchester United-supporterne stiller flere krav til Glazer-familien. Samtidig anbefaler de «på det sterkeste» at eierne lytter.

• Slettemark, Asbjørn; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Gamlemoen, Pål Strande (2021). Boris Johnson truet med å slippe en «bombe» på klubbene. Slik kan superligaen bli storpolitikk igjen i fremtiden. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten. Show summary

  Flere av Europas ledende politikere kastet seg rundt da nyheten om superligaen rystet fotballen. Det er ikke tilfeldig.

• Slettemark, Asbjørn; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Gamlemoen, Pål Strande (2021). Slik kan superligaen igjen bli storpolitikk. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Kronikk om superligaen: Annektering av toppfotballen. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Langerød, Dag; Lie, Sindre; Simensen, Henrik Myhrvold & Kjær, Didrik Søreide (2021). Super League: - Kan bety slutten. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Fotballandslagets engasjement for menneskerettigheter retter seg også mot det internasjonale fotballforbundet (FIFA). [Radio]. nrk.no.
• Nielsen, Andreas; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Andersen, Dag & Stenersen, Steffen (2021). Et nytt forslag kan skape store endringer i Start. - Spennende, mener ekspert. [Newspaper]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Fotball uten dommere. Josimar : tidsskriftet om fotball. ISSN 1891-4276.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Stendal, Christian Skare (2021). Professor om Hareide-utspill: - Det Åge foreslår er dristig. [Newspaper]. rbnett.no. Show summary

  Nyheten er omtalt i ytterligere 8 kilder: Stavanger Aftenblad, Fædrelandsvennen, Aftenposten, Bergens Tidende, Adresseavisen Pluss, Folkebladet Pluss, Sunnmørsposten Pluss, iTromsø Pluss

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Kompetanse i et nytt fotballandskap. Josimar : tidsskriftet om fotball. ISSN 1891-4276.
• Krumer, Alex & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Skihopp-dommere gir bedre poeng til utøvere fra egne land. Forskersonen.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021). Bortenfor UEFA Pro. Josimar : tidsskriftet om fotball. ISSN 1891-4276.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Strandhagen, Jan Ola; Solberg, Harry Arne; Kringstad, Morten; Owren, Brynjulf & Hansson, Lisa [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Fra toppen av Haugen : svensk norgesmester i verdensklasse. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2020). Overheating and ethics in the sport industry. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Solberg, Harry Arne & Ekeland, Halvor (2020). I dag kan City bli utestengt : dommen kan påverke all internasjonal fotball. [Internet]. nrk.no.
• Matthiesen, Stig Berge; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Lerø, Magne; Olsen, Jørn Bue; Bjerketvedt, Pål & Friberg, Jens [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Veldig spesielt å betale seg ut av knipen. [Newspaper]. VG.
• Andersen, Dag; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Grimstad, Monica Bergin; Langeland, Christopher & Stenersen, Steffen (2020). Det er vi som signerer kontrakter og har bestemmende myndighet. [Newspaper]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Moen, Teddy; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Andersson, Bård (2020). Har gjort strategiske feilvalg. [Newspaper]. Dagens Perspektiv.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2020). Corona virus, sport management and self-reflection : Innlegg i Sport Management Blogg. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2020). Logistikk for galleriet. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Andersson, Bård; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Moen, Teddy (2020). Hoderulling i Rosenborg - Har gjort strategiske feilvalg. [Newspaper]. Dagens perspektiv. Show summary

  Tre profilerte ledere er ferdige, opp mot 20 millioner skal spares og publikum faller fra. Hva skjer i Norges største fotballklubb?

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Strøm, Ole Kristian (2019). «Beviset»: City er tiårets kjøpelag. [Newspaper]. VG.
• Johansen, Christina Berg & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Offentlig sektors skjulte gjeld . Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. p. 12–13.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Owren, Brynjulf; Strandhagen, Jan Ola; Kringstad, Morten; Solberg, Harry Arne & Guvåg, Bjørn [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Fra toppen av Haugen : tabelltips 2019: stadig norgesmester fra Molde. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Langeland, Christopher & Stenersen, Steffen (2019). Økonomiprofessor: – Start gamblet og tapte. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Langeland, Christopher & Stenersen, Steffen (2019). Kun RBK brukte mer enn Start på overganger i fjor . [Newspaper]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Haugen, Kjetil K. (2019). Kommentariatet, cup-overraskelser og elendighetssynsing. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Haugen, Kjetil K. (2019). Kommentariatet, cup-overraskelser og elendighetssynsing. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Slik er Ed Woodward - sjefen til Solskjær . [Newspaper]. VG.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Strøm, Ole Kristian (2019). Dette er sjefen til Solskjær. [Newspaper]. VG.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Med kikkerten for det blinde øyet. NRK Ytring. Show summary

  Det blir neppe bedre fotball av mer business. Selv om styret i Fotballforbundet ser ut til å tro det.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2019). Mer om Solskjær-effekten: ingen driver toppidrett for de gode prosessenes skyld. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Harnes, Magnus Peter; Andersson, Bård; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Melhus, Jon Morten & Landsem, Eli [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Ole Gunnar Solskjærs suksessoppskrift: Flaks og gamle kjente . [Newspaper]. Dagens perspektiv.
• Andersson, Bård; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Koteng, Ivar & Alstad, Trond (2019). Modig av Rosenborg : ba om ekstern evaluering. [Newspaper]. Dagens perspektiv.
• Andersson, Bård; Olsen, Jørn Bue & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2018). Generalsekretær i kryssilden - Lederutfordringen: Pål Bjerketvedt. [Newspaper]. Ukeavisen Ledelse.
• Andersson, Bård; Olsen, Jørn Bue & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2018). Vinn-vinn-situasjon for alle : Solskjær i United. [Newspaper]. Ukeavisen Ledelse.
• Egilsson, Birnir; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Solenes, Oskar (2018). Mediene og idrettens styresett. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder; Hauge, Olav; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Guvåg, Bjørn & Kringstad, Morten [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Fra toppen av Haugen : dobbelt norgesmester. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Bachmann, Kari Elisabeth; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Skrove, Guri Kaurstad & Straume, Solveig (2018). Negotiating logics : Norwegian football clubs’ involvement in refugees inclusion into Norwegian football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Myklebust, Vidar Ryther & Roppen, Johann (2017). Vil helst være single - kan bli tvangsgiftet : høgskolenes rektorer møttes i Molde i går. [Newspaper]. Romsdals budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjerkeland, Øystein (2017). Gammelsæter: – Det er en utfordrende posisjon. [Newspaper]. Romsdals budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Sverre, Jan-Erik; Matthiesen, Stig Berge & Andersson, Bård (2017). Stjerna som sluknet : NFF vs. Edvartsen. [Newspaper]. Ukeavisen Ledelse.
• Myklebust, Vidar Ryther; Brunvoll, Bjørn; Oterhals, Geir; Ossberger, Raphaela; Medovarsky, Mark & Gehlen, Bernadette [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Fremtidas proffe ledere. [Newspaper]. Romsdals budstikke.
• Andersson, Bård; Moen, Teddy & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). Med ryggen mot veggen. [Newspaper]. Ukeavisen Ledelse.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). God virkelighetsbeskrivelse. Ukeavisen ledelse. ISSN 1891-2028. Show summary

  Omtale av boka: «The Role Of The Professional Football Manager» av Seamus Kelly.

• Egilsson, Birnir & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). Supply chain management practices in professional football club management : a single case study of Molde football club. In ., , (Eds.), EURAM 2017 : Making Knowledge Work. University of Strathclyde Business School. ISSN 2466-7498.
• Haugen, Kjetil K.; Hauge, Olav; Guvåg, Bjørn; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Heen, Knut Peder & Owren, Brynjulf [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Fra toppen av Haugen : norgesmester fra Molde. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde.
• Egilsson, Birnir & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). Supply chain management practices in professional football club management : a single case study of Molde football club.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). Jante og sentraliseringen. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2017). PL er både «Se & Hør», såpeopera og en dash idrett på samme tid. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Kjenner meg ikke igjen i hasardspillet som han nevner. www.rbnett.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). NIFU og faglig kritikk. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Sentraliseringen i høyere utdanning. Tidens Krav.
• Roppen, Johann; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bjørkly, Stål & Bråthen, Svein (2016). Sentraliseringen i høyere utdanning. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Roppen, Johann; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bjørkly, Stål & Bråthen, Svein (2016). Sentraliseringen i høyere utdanning. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. p. 16–17. Show summary

  Siden 2014 har regjeringen fordelt 500 stipendiatstillinger, inkludert forslaget til statsbudsjett for 2017. Nesten 400 av disse stillingene har gått til universitetene. Møre og Romsdal har fått to. Er fylkets politikere fornøyd med det?

• Roppen, Johann; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Bjørkly, Stål & Bråthen, Svein (2016). Sentraliseringen i høyere utdanning. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. Show summary

  Siden 2014 har regjeringen fordelt 500 stipendiatstillinger (inkludert forslaget til statsbudsjett for 2017). Nesten 400 av disse stillingene har gått til universitetene. Møre og Romsdal har fått to.

• Berge, Dag Magne; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Rønhovde, Lars (2016). Eliten, folket og den norske modellen. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 174(246), p. 46–46.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Herskedal, Kjell Marius (2016). Når den tolvte mann protesterer. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Hvem skal redde idretten? VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203. Show summary

  Kan de samme lederne som synes å ha mistet idrettens sjel av syne også redde den?

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Akademia i fri dressur. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Hva blir det til med Høgskolen i Molde? Tidens Krav.
• Stiegler, Ingvil Teige; Eide, Jan Ragnvald & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Fortvilte arbeidsledige gråt på telefonen : nå utvider høyskolen søknadsfristen : vi må være mer fleksible for å møte et arbeidsmarked i endring, sier rektor ved Høgskolen i Molde . [Internet]. tv2.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Gilde, Renate Bævre (2016). Høgskolen utvider søknadsfrist : fortvilte arbeidsledige gråter på telefonen : nå tar vi grep og utvider fristen for å melde seg opp, sier rektor Hallgeir Gammelsæter. [Newspaper]. Romsdals budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Stige, Per Ove (2016). Utvidet søknadsfrist ved Høgskolen i Molde : abeidsledigheten gjør at skolen forlenger søknadsfristen for emnestudier. [Newspaper]. Sunnmørsposten.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Gråter på telefon. [Newspaper]. Romsdals Budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2016). Hva blir det til med Høgskolen i Molde? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 173(7).
• Aspås, Hilde; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Nordhaug, Hans Fredrik; Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld & Harnes, Oddbjørn (2015). Skal bevare norsk industri : Fremoverlent omstillingsmotor. [Newspaper]. Romsdals Budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Lote, Arve & Lien, Jørn Andre (2015). Her bryt Bosman saman, 20 år etter han revolusjonerte fotballen : sjokk, vantru, dommedagsstemning – og jubel. 15. desember var det 20 år sidan dommen som skulle endre europeisk fotball for all framtid. . [TV]. www.nrk.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Sande, Egil & Larsen, Anders Bakkerud (2015). Kun to av åtte i NFF-styret har toppfotballerfaring. [Newspaper]. http://www.nettavisen.no/.
• Halse, Per; Ohnstad, Bente & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2015). Enten eller - eller både og? Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2015). Interesting examples of good practice in sport governance – but… : book review of "Sport Governance : International Case Studies", edited by Ian O'Boyle and Trish Bradbury. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224. Show summary

  Book review of "Sport Governance : International Case Studies", edited by Ian O'Boyle and Trish Bradbury (Routledge 2013), ISBN 978-0-415-82044-8.

• Ohnstad, Bente; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Halse, Per (2015). Sentralisering av kunnskap. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Show summary

  Artikkelen ble også publisert i GD 12. mars

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2015). Tvangsekteskap i høyere utdanning. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 173(14). Show summary

  Det foregår for tiden en prosess for å endre strukturene i høyere utdanning. Mange spør hvilke institusjoner som blir slått sammen og hvor høgskolene velger, eller blir tvunget, å gå. [Samme kronikk er også publisert i Panorama, uavhengig nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde]

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Haugen, Kjetil K. (2014). I overkant hyper. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 172(276).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Landsvik, Solveig Oterhals (2014). Samarbeid framfor fusjon : høgskolerektoren i Molde ser ingen store gevinster ved å slå sammen høgskolene i fylket. [Newspaper]. Romsdals budstikke.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2014). Norsk fotball og fotballekspertise. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2014). Framtida er akademisk. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 172(183).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Haugen, Kjetil K. & Johansen, Magnus (2014). Derfor har regelverket liten betydning for norske klubber. [Newspaper]. Nettavisen.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Halse, Per & Synnes, Marianne (2014). I riktig ende? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 172(37).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2013). Kan fotbollssportens värden, attityder och vinnarskallar berika näringslivet? [Football and management : comparisons between sport and enterprise / Sten Söderman]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Solenes, Oskar & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Understanding volunteers at local recurring sport events.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Tilskuersvikt i Tippeligaen. [TV]. Sportsrevyen - Norsk rikskringkasting.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Mer sport enn næring. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. 123, p. 36–36.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Fotballen bedre enn debatten. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203. p. 32–33.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2012). Football in Europe : [Governance, citizenship and the new European championships : the European spectacle / Wolfram Manzenreiter & Georg Spitaler (red.)]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Best også utenfor krittstreken. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 169(19.11.2011), p. 56–56.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2011). Tar han grep nå? VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203. p. 49–49.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2010). Fotball er aldri lønnsomt. [Newspaper]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2010). Produktet Petter Northug. Bergens Tidende. ISSN 0804-8983. 143(25.02.2010), p. 34–34.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2010). Tviler på Rösler-effekt. [Newspaper]. Romsdals Budstikke, s. 18-19.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2010). Trenerbytter - en risikosport. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 168(02.10.2010), p. 48–48.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). På bunn i Europa. [Newspaper]. Verdens Gang.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). Inne i en krympeprosess. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten Morgen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). Vil ha strenge lisensregler. [Newspaper]. Verdens Gang.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). Vakkert spill, stygge forretninger. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203. p. 45–45.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). Idrottssociologi från skilda horisonter [Sport in a changing world / Howard L. Nixon II]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2009). Idrottssociologi från skilda horisonter [Idrettssosiologi : sportens ekspansjon i det moderne samfunn / Jon Helge Lesjø]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). RBK-spillerne har noe å lære. [Newspaper]. Adresseavisen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Sånn er fotballen. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten Morgen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Bak årskavalkaden. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Organization and management of professional football in Scandinavia. Show summary

  The three Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden are small in population (around 20 million people) and as such they are commercially in the backyard of European football. To a large extent the same can be said about the sporting success of their clubs and national teams. Despite this, in all the three countries football is the biggest sport both in terms of the number of athletes participating and as a spectator sport. Compared to football in the UK, however, football is differently organized and managed. Historically, football in Scandinavia came to be organized by voluntary non-profit organizations. Hence, football clubs comprise both elite football and youth and grass-root football. Up until recently there have been few proponents of separating the organization of elite football from the organization of amateur and grass-roots football. The predominating idea has been that the thinly populated Scandinavian countries could not produce international players unless their organizations have a wide reach that can secure a rich supply of talent. In the presentation Professor Gammelsæter will explore the organization of Scandinavian male professional football and some of the tensions that the football organizations must deal with in a new era. Perhaps surprisingly, given the presumption that Scandinavia is still a fairly homogenous region which also characterizes its traditions in sport, there are some marked differences between the countries in organizing the sport. The presentation will therefore outline the paths that the Scandinavian countries have followed in managing their football, and also suggest some explanations for the diverging paths. Questions that will be raised are: * What are the similarities and differences at the association level, i.e. the way football is organized at the national level? * What is the impact of the two most important interest groups in men's football; the league associations and the player associations? * How are the top professional clubs in the three countries organized, and how can we explain the diversity between them?

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Söderman, Sten (2008). Organization of revenue generation - Norway beating Sweden in soccer.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Trenerrollen i klubbledelsen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Senaux, Benoît (2008). Pluralism in professional football clubs.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Den komparativa forskningmetoden återupprättas [Transnational and comparative research in sport: globalisation, governance and sport policy / Ian Henry & The Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Att organisera en olympiad [Olympic event organization / Eleni Theodoraki]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Som å pisse i buksa? www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Om fotballkunnskap i underholdningens tidsalder. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). In the Royal League. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Tøv om gull. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Valgfrihetens jernbur. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 126(05.04.2008).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Fra helsefaglig til helsefarlig ledelse? Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 126(08.11.2008).
• Solenes, Oskar; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Herskedal, Kjell Marius (2008). Professionalization of sports and athlete post-career preparation.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Filialbestyrerbyen? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 166(09.07.2008), p. 26–26.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Mindre bra om SHRM i en idrottskontext [Managing people in sport organizations : a strategic human resource management perspective / Tracy Taylor, Alison Doherty & Peter McGraw]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Haugen, Kjetil Kåre (2008). Høres mye ut. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten Morgen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Et nytt normalår? www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Idrettspensjonistene - en sak for idretten? www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). "Profesjonelle kjerringer"? www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Iversen, Hans Petter (2008). Har det vært andre alternativer? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 166(12.01.2008), p. 49–49.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Iversen, Hans Petter (2008). Hva har Helse Nordmøre og Romsdal gjort? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 166(11.01.2008), p. 31–31.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Iversen, Hans Petter (2008). Hva er det som foregår i psykiatrien? Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 166(10.01.2008), p. 27–27.
• Steen-Johnsen, Kari & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2008). Sport Organizations as Incomplete.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Lyn og LSK er minst lokale. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten Morgen.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Rabiate fotballtrenere? Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. 139(25.05.2007), p. 59–59.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Utenlandsligaen. [Newspaper]. Verdens Gang - Sportsbilag.
• Jakobsen, Stig-Erik; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Fløysand, Arnt (2007). The spatial embeddedness of professional football clubs in Norway.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Hvor går europeisk fotball? : en introduksjon.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Deskriptivt och informativt om fotboll och marknad [Marketing & football : an international perspective / Michel Desbordes (red.)]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Norges olympiska under - hur gick det till? [Et praksisbasert perspektiv på dynamiske læringsnettverk i toppidretten / Kjell-Åge Gotvassli]. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Trenerstyrt, klubbstyrt, historiestyrt? : Kommentar. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Den vanskelige kontinuiteten : Kommentar. www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Rosenborg i Bergen, og Brann i Trondheim? www.sportsanalyse.no.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Veien mot Møreuniversitetet. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 125(25.08.2007).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). Institutional dynamics explaining change and stability in a professional soccer club, The 15th Congress of the European Association for Sport Management : Abstract Book. The European Association for Sport Management. p. 193–194.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). The commercialization of men's professional football in Norway : organizations in conflict and negotiation.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2007). En stadig alvorligere lek. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. 165(22.09.2007), p. 17–17.
• Jakobsen, Stig-Erik; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Fløysand, Arnt (2006). The geographical embeddedness of professional football clubs in Norway.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Slutt å kaste trenerne. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. 147(01.08.2006), p. 4–4.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Viktig studie av nationella offentliga elitsatsningar. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224. Show summary

  Mick Green och Barrie Houlihan vid School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, har studerat nationella och offentligt finansierade satsningar på elitidrott. Tre länder studeras, Australien, Kanada och England, och tre idrotter, simning, friidrott och segling. Syftet har varit att få klarhet i vilka bakomliggande processer som driver fram uppkomsten av och förändringar i statlig idrottspolitik. Resultatet av deras forskning föreligger nu i bokform, Elite Sport Development: Policy Learning and Political Priorities (Routledge). Vi gav boken till den norske politikforskaren Hallgeir Gammelsæter, som, trots klagomål på det ymniga bruket av akronymer i boken, i sin recension visar att detta är en mycket viktig bok när det gäller kunskapsutveckling inom idrottspolitikforskningen. Inte minst förefaller författarnas teoretiska verktyg, advocacy coalition framework, vara både väl valt och skickligt applicerat på deras frågeställningar och empiriska fynd.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Kunnskap er fremdeles makt. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 124(22.04.2006).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2006). Utlendinger og spillerutvikling i norsk fotball. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Identitetsutveckling efter idrottskarriärens slut. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224. Show summary

  Vad händer när idrottsstjärnan tar steget ut ur idrottskarriären och strålkastarljuset och kändisskapet, och ska anpassa sig till ett nytt slags liv? Denna fråga har länge intresserat idrottssociologer; till exempel disputerade danske sociologen Martin Munk 1999 på en avhandling om elitidrottares karriärer efter den aktiva tiden. Nu tar svenske sociologidocenten Jonas Stier tag i frågan, och låter ett gäng svenska tennisspelare vara Beispiel i analysen av identitetsförändringen som följer på en avslutad proffsidrottskarriär, i boken Proffsliv och karriärslut: En sociologisk studie av identitet. Hallgeir Gammelsæter har läst boken för idrottsforum.orgs räkning, och har stött på ett klassiskt metoddilemma med konsekvenser för såväl analys som teoriutveckling. För att de åtta intervjuobjekten inte ska kunna identifieras så får man veta alldeles för lite om dem, och specifikt om individuella enskildheter, som skulle kunna fördjupa analysen av identitetsutvecklingen och därmed väsentligt öka värdet av undersökningen. Men givet detta, menar vår recensent, är det en bok av betydelse för den som studerar karriärer, roller och identiteter inom idrotten.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Kloke ledere i et avansert samfunn : slaget om hodene står lokalt. [Newspaper]. Media Planet.
• Herskedal, Kjell Marius; Fostervold, Knut Anders & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Faking Sport management? Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 124(18.12.2006).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). Store som smågutar. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 125(09.12.2006), p. 6–6.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). In search of the structure of the professional football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2006). In search of the structure of the professional football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2006). Organizing between voluntarism and private enterprise : club organization in Norwegian soccer.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Jakobsen, Stig-Erik; Fløysand, Arnt & Nese, Gjermund (2005). The transformation of organisational structures within Norwegian top football : towards increased formalization.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Jakobsen, Stig-Erik; Fløysand, Arnt & Nese, Gjermund (2005). The transformation of organization structures in Norwegian football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2005). Radikale innovasjoner i etablerte foretak / Ole Andreas Engen ... [et al.]. Nordiske organisasjonsstudier. ISSN 1501-8237. 7(3/4), p. 201–204.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2005). Skaperkraft : Elkem gjennom 100 år, 1904-2004 / Knut Sogner. Scandinavian Economic History Review. ISSN 0358-5522. 53(2), p. 97–99.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2005). Local community relations strategies in professional football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2005). Local commitment in professional football.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2005). Fotball og politikk. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 123(10.09.2005).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2005). Markedets byråkrati. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 123(26.05.2005).
• Løseth, Arnljot; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjarnar, Ove (2004). Historiske forskjeller setter fortsatt sitt preg. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 122(11.05.2004).
• Løseth, Arnljot; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjarnar, Ove (2004). Næringskulturer i Møre og Romsdal. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 122(10.05.2004).
• Løseth, Arnljot; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjarnar, Ove (2004). Nordmøringer, romsdalinger og sunnmøringer. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 122(07.05.2004).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Fostervold, Knut Anders (2004). Department management in a reformed hospital.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Forandringens paradoks. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 122(06.11.2004), p. 23–23.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Ohr, Frode (2003). Når fotballmålene er for høye. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. 135(11.01.2003).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Ohr, Frode (2003). Fotball - bare et underholdningsprodukt. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. 135(16.05.2003).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Selvmål for millioner : gjestekommentar. Økonomisk Rapport. ISSN 0332-5555. 30(21), p. 44–44.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Torjesen, Dag Olaf (2003). Ledelse mellem autonomi og gennemsigtighed i norske sundhedsvirksomheder. FLOS Nyhedsbrev. ISSN 1603-5151. p. 10–12.
• Bjarnar, Ove & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Convergent and divergent regional business cultures. Show summary

  This paper discusses whether regional business cultures can be classifies as more or less convergent in terms of the extent to which business actors share basic assumptions and value that are directed towards maintaining or building regional strengths, identities and innovativeness. Building on Weber's distinction between value rationality and instrumental rationality in social action, we hypothesise that there is a positive correlation between convergent regional business cultures, where individual actors reflect the collective in their individual acts, and successful regional development. Conversely, when business actors in a region consistently fail to reflect the collective interest in their decision-making, the regional identity will weaken and the consequences may in the long run be negative for regions and also for individual actors. Convergent cultures are characterised by a web of stable arenas of interaction, formal and informal. Divergent cultures to a larger extent rest on instrumental rational assumptions in cooperative patterns and on symmetrical relations between actors. Only actors that according to the calculation of the stronger part add value to the economic project are included in the joint effort. Since situations and calculations are likely to shift over time, however, the arenas of interaction are also likely to shift. Hence arenas become both exclusive and unstable. We hypothesise that relatively stable arenas of interaction (convergent cultures) are more likely to produce innovation than are interaction patterns promoting exclusion, exclusiveness and unstable arenas (divergent cultures). The focal territory is the county of Møre and Romsdal in the middle of coastal Norway. Inside the county there is the widespread view that the people living or originating from the southern parts is more industrious, entrepreneurial and successful than the people from the northern part of the region. The paper investigates the "reality" of these conceptions and study to what extent the extreme points of the region are producing and reproducing convergent or divergent business cultures. The paper is based on interviews with a number of business leaders about their impressions as well as on their experiences with doing business with their respective neighbours. We also investigate the extent to which these observed differences are consistent with longitudinal historical analyses of the different sub-regions.

• Torjesen, Dag Olaf & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Management between autonomy and transparency in the enterprise hospital.
• Rusten, Grete & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Når nettet fanger : om behovet og valget av konsulenter. Norsk Fiskeoppdrett. ISSN 0332-7132. 28(10), p. 28–30.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Ohr, Frode (2003). Når fotballmålene er for høye. Bergens Tidende. ISSN 0804-8983. 136(09.01.2003), p. 23–23.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Akademisk ledelse - motvilje mot ledelse?
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Med hjerte for regionen - hva med jordsmonnet?
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Om å bli - og være - en regional utviklingsaktør.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). The conceptualization of managerialism in the public sector : coherence and contradiction.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). The implementation of 'Management by objectives' in an academic setting : the Norwegian experience.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). The modelling of change : context and implementation of the M-form.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Moderniseringsprosjektet i offentlig sektor.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Er framtida i våre hender?
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Moderniseringsprosjektet i offentlig sektor.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Moderniseringsprosjektet i offentlig sektor.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Institusjonell organisasjonsteori.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Helsevesenet som modell for framtidig organisering av offentlig sektor.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Kunnskapsutfordringer i en regional kontekst.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Dagens konsulentrolle : kuratorer, motehandlere eller oversettere?
• Amdam, Jørgen & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). Avstand som politikk. Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056. 119(19.04.2001).
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Amdam, Jørgen (2001). Freidig fane for modernisering. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. 133(04.04.2001).
• Ohr, Frode & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2000). Hvor styres norsk toppfotball? Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. 141(03.02.2000), p. 63–63.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Nergaard, Richard (2000). Høgskoler og næringsliv i samspill. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1999). Lessons from the diffusion of the divisionalised form of organisation : towards an institutional framework for studying knowledge diffusion.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1999). Consulting and organisational change "at the back of beyond".
• Bjarnar, Ove; Amdam, Rolv Petter & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1998). Management education and dissemination of knowledge in "Regional innovation systems" : the case of Norway 1930s - 1990s.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Kipping, Mathias & Furusten, Staffan (1998). Converging towards American dominance? : developments and structures of the consultancy fields in Western Europe.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Guvåg, Bjørn (1992). The SME in cross-national joint-ventures: A way of inducing renewal and increasing viability? Show summary

  The paper discusses the necessity for renewal and change in the autonomous SME, and questions whether the problems of SMEs may be alleviated by establishing international joint-ventures. The management and ownership conditions necessary for establishing viable international joint-ventures in which learning can take place, are outlined. Finally, a review of the literature on the experiences with Japanese subsidiaries or Japanese partners in international joint-ventures highlights some of the problems SMEs may confront in cooperating with an international partner.

• Solenes, Oskar; Dolles, Harald; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Kåfjord, Sondre; Rekdal, Eddie & Straume, Solveig [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Toppfotballens betydning for vertsregionen : en studie av Molde Fotballklubbs betydning for Molderegionen. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-181-2. Show summary

  Molde Fotballklubbs korrigerte driftsresultat har i femårsperioden 2008-2012 vært på 67 millioner. Av klubbens inntekter kommer halvparten fra Molderegionen og halvparten fra kilder utenfor regionen. - Et korrigert regionregnskap viser at MFK har bidratt til en netto kapitaltilførsel til Molderegionen på 165 millioner kroner i perioden. - MFKs virksomhet har i perioden direkte bidratt med skatteinntekter på 23 millioner kroner til Molde kommune, 5 millioner kroner til fylkeskommunen og 105 millioner til sentrale myndigheter. - Direkte og indirekte skaper MFK mellom 110-120 arbeidsplasser i Molderegionen. - MFK er svært dominerende når det gjelder å profilere Molde i riks- og regionmediene. Opp til 75 prosent av all «namedropping» av Moldenavnet i disse mediene er knyttet til MFK. På grunn av MFK får Molde en medieomtale som langt overgår det byer med tilsvarende befolkningstall oppnår. Av samme grunn får Molde også mer omtale enn større byer som Haugesund og Ålesund. Dette kan ses på som en merverdi av de 81 millioner kroner lokale sponsorkroner brukte på MFK i perioden 2008-12. - De frivillige i MFK utførte i 2012 en arbeidsinnsats målt til mer enn 59 000 arbeidstimer til en verdi av 14,1 millioner kroner. - Både utflyttede romsdalinger og MFKs tilhengere trekker fram MFK som en av Moldes viktigste merkevarer. Også romsdalinger som ikke er spesielt interessert i fotball og MFK opplever stolthet når MFK gjør det godt, og MFKs prestasjoner og sponsorer blir lagt godt merke til også blant romsdalinger som ikke har fotball som sin primære interesse. - Blant klubbens tilhengere er det tilsynelatende høy betalingsvilje for å berge klubben.

• Solenes, Oskar; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Herskedal, Kjell Marius (2008). Penger inn, vettet ut? - om idrett, utdanning og kommersialisering. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-099-0.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2007). Et tiår etter Bosman : konsekvenser for utviklingen av norsk toppfotball. Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning. ISSN 1503-2140.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2006). Utlendinger og spillerutvikling i norsk fotball. Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning. ISSN 1503-2140. Show summary

  Det har vært en sterk økning i importen av utenlandske spillere til norsk toppfotball de siste årene, noe som nødvendigvis må fortrenge norske spillere. Med bakgrunn i data hentet fra VGs Eliteguide, Aftenpostens oversikt over eliteserien, klubbenes egne hjemmesider og i noen grad gjennom direkte kontakt med klubbene, analyserer vi i dette arbeidsnotatet importen av utenlandske spillere til klubber i den norske toppserien i perioden 2000-2005. I notatet viser vi at antall utenlandske spillere er fordoblet i løpet av denne perioden. Det er imidlertid en økende andel utenlandske spillere som ender opp som stallfyll eller flopper, dvs. at de spiller lite. Samtidig er tilførselen av spillere fra lavere divisjoner kraftig redusert. Dermed har overrislingen av det norske klubbsystemet blitt svekket. Når vi i tillegg registrerer en økende andel eldre spillere i eliteserien, både norske og utenlandske, blir konklusjonen at unge norske talenters muligheter til å få spille i eliteserien er kraftig svekket. På sikt vil dette kunne redusere etterveksten i norsk fotball, noe som igjen vil kunne få negative konsekvenser for kvaliteten blant de spillerne som i framtiden skal kjempe om plassene på landslaget.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik (2005). Local community relations (LCR) strategies in Norwegian professional football. Institute for research in economics and business administration. ISSN 1503-2140. Show summary

  In this paper we study local community relations (LCR) strategies of four professional Norwegian football clubs in the light of what is taken to be an organization field that is identified as being increasingly more institutionally defined over the last decades. LCR strategies are specific approaches that materialize in some action to improve the clubs? relations to local constituents. Our conclusion is that the LCR strategies of clubs to a large extent reflect institutionalized ideas and even regulations about how modern professional football clubs in Norway must behave. This explains the similarities in addressing strategic planning, stadium development, and local players? policies. We also see, however, that the clubs can initiate projects and measures that are not so directly defined by institutional coercion, norms imposed on them or plain mimicry. Within such a meta-organizational field there are many layers that in the end present the focal club with the discretion to relate to its community in a specific manner.

• Torjesen, Dag Olaf & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2004). Management between autonomy and transparency in the enterprise hospital. Rokkansenteret. ISSN 1503-0946.
• Bjarnar, Ove & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2003). Convergent and divergent regional business cultures. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 82-7962-037-0. Show summary

  This paper discusses whether regional business cultures can be classifies as more or less convergent in terms of the extent to which business actors share basic assumptions and value that are directed towards maintaining or building regional strengths, identities and innovativeness. Building on Weber's distinction between value rationality and instrumental rationality in social action, we hypothesise that there is a positive correlation between convergent regional business cultures, where individual actors reflect the collective in their individual acts, and successful regional development. Conversely, when business actors in a region consistently fail to reflect the collective interest in their decision-making, the regional identity will weaken and the consequences may in the long run be negative for regions and also for individual actors. Convergent cultures are characterised by a web of stable arenas of interaction, formal and informal. Divergent cultures to a larger extent rest on instrumental rational assumptions in cooperative patterns and on symmetrical relations between actors. Only actors that according to the calculation of the stronger part add value to the economic project are included in the joint effort. Since situations and calculations are likely to shift over time, however, the arenas of interaction are also likely to shift. Hence arenas become both exclusive and unstable. We hypothesise that relatively stable arenas of interaction (convergent cultures) are more likely to produce innovation than are interaction patterns promoting exclusion, exclusiveness and unstable arenas (divergent cultures). The focal territory is the county of Møre and Romsdal in the middle of coastal Norway. Inside the county there is the widespread view that the people living or originating from the southern parts is more industrious, entrepreneurial and successful than the people from the northern part of the region. The paper investigates the "reality" of these conceptions and study to what extent the extreme points of the region are producing and reproducing convergent or divergent business cultures. The paper is based on interviews with a number of business leaders about their impressions as well as on their experiences with doing business with their respective neighbours. We also investigate the extent to which these observed differences are consistent with longitudinal historical analyses of the different sub-regions.

• Bryson, John R.; Rusten, Grete & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). The difference that geography makes to the aquisition of service expertise : some evidence from Norway. Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning. ISSN 1503-2140. Show summary

  This paper begins by identifying the logic driving the evolving geography of business service networks in Norway. The paper explores the ways in which Norwegian SMEs access external knowledge provided by management consultants. The existing literature on business services has been dominated by studies of large economies. Nevertheless, interesting differences can be identified in the relationship between providers and consumers of knowledge in small economies and especially a country like Norway which has a difficult topography, small and scattered population and an economy not dominated by a global city. The paper draws upon 3 case studies of client firms; two of these case studies are informed by interviews with both the client and the consultant. The paper highlights the importance of three kinds of client/consultant relationship - local knowledge; dislocated knowledge and clients that are insensitive to distance. The importance of local business culture as well as forms of patriotic purchasing are identified as playing an important role in the decision to employ or not employ consultants

• Berge, Dag Magne; Bræin, Lasse & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2002). Kriterier og indikatorer for Arena og regionale innovasjonspiloter. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259. Show summary

  Denne arbeidsrapporten presenterer forslag til kriterier og indikatorer for selektering, monitoring og evaluering av prosjekt i Arena, som er et "klyngepolitisk" tiltak i regi av SND og Norges forskningsråd. Rapporten gjør dette med referanse til noen sentrale teoretiske retninger innen samfunnsfaglig innovasjonsforskning. På bakgrunn av dette slår rapporten til lyd for åpne kriterier og indikatorer.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2001). The implementation of 'Management by objectives' in an academic setting : the Norwegian experience. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 82-7962-023-0.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Berge, Dag Magne; Husby, Solveig & Bjarnar, Ove (2000). Bedriftsutvikling eller stimulering av innovasjonsmiljø? : midtveis-evaluering av SMB-kompetanse. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-037-2. Show summary

  SMB-kompetanse (SMB-K) er et prosjekt med nærings-, regional- og utdanningspolitiske begrunnelser, innenfor Forskningsrådets BRO-program (Program for brobygging mellom næringsliv og forskning). Prosjektet skal bidra til å utvikle langsiktige relasjoner mellom små og mellomstore bedrifter og FoU-miljøer, i praksis høgskolene i regionene. Tiltakets virkemiddel er å knytte kandidater med høyere utdanning til ettårige utviklingsprosjekter i bedriftene, som tilbys en kompetansepakke med bl.a. veiledning fra høgskoleansatte. Prosjektperioden er 1997-2001, og denne midtveisevalueringen er hovedsakelig basert på en studie av tre av regionene i SMB-K. Evalueringen har en institusjonell tilnærming, der deltakerne forstås som innvevd i ulike institusjonelle felt, der det er utviklet relativt permanente oppfatninger, handlingsmønstre og normer som er knyttet til viktige strukturer ved de ulike feltene og til de rollene som aktørene innenfor feltene tradisjonelt utøver. Om SMB-K skal være et effektivt tiltak, kreves det både innsikt i og evne til å handle i forhold til de normene og handlingsmønstrene som hersker i relasjonen mellom høgskoler og SMB. Det tar tid å endre tunge institusjonelle strukturer. Evalueringen peker på en del problemer ved SMB-K, men også på at tiltaket har satt i gang positive prosesser og at det har utviklingspotensiale. Evalueringen viser også at det er åpenhet for tiltaket i høgskolene, at bedriftsledere ønsker samarbeid med høgskolene, og at utviklingsprosjektene framskynder innovasjonsprosesser i bedriftene.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Kipping, Mathias & Furusten, Staffan (1999). Converging towards American dominance?: developments and structures of the consultancy fields in Western Europe. University of Reading, Department of Economics. Show summary

  The article represents an attempt to analyse trends in the structure and composition of the European consultancy markets in order to examine whether these have tended to become increasingly dominated by consultancies which diffuse primarily American ideas of management. Although the focus is on the contexts and actors rather than the contents of diffusion, it is meant to be a first step in the direction of understanding the relations between the structure of the consultancy industry and developments in management practice. The notion of the dominance of the large American international consulting firms and the homogenisation hypothesis is challenged by analysing the structure of the industry and the mechanisms that seem to drive the development of the market. A detailed survey of the dominant players in a wide range of European countries indeed reveals a significant and increasing American presence, fuelled by globalisation and strategies of these consultancies to achieve economies of scale and scope. At the same time, the industry is characterised by important influences pointing towards divergence. These include in particular the need of the larger consultancies to adapt to national management systems, frequent spin-offs and the subsistence of small consultancies operating in a local rather than a global arena. Until further research is undertaken, a conclusion regarding a homogenisation on American terms might therefore turn out to be premature.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Tornes, Kristin; Dahl, Sølvi; Rønhovde, Lars; Steinbru, Anita & Kyvik, Svein (1999). Evaluering av høgskolereformen : sluttrapport. Norges forskningsråd. ISSN 82-12-01258-1.
• Tornes, Kristin; Husby, Solveig; Kjersem, Eli & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1999). Rekruttering - kvalitet - relevans : studieretningen naturbruk og landbrukets kompetansebehov. Møreforsking, Molde. ISSN 82-7830-030-5.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Dimmen, Åsmund (1999). Administrasjon i de statlige høgskolene. Norges forskningsråd. ISSN 8212012743. Show summary

  Hovedspørsmålet i undersøkelsen er i hvilken grad de administrative m ål som ble satt for høgskolereformen er oppnådd, bl.a. økt forvaltnin gsmessig kvalitet og effektivitet, samt avlastning for det faglige pe rsonalet. Undersøkelsen tyder på at målenefor den administrative org aniseringen ved høgskolene er spenningsfylte. Det er åpentbart vanske lig ved fusjoner å oppnå økt forvaltningsmessig kvalitet uten av ress ursbruken går opp. Målet om at det faglige personalet skulle benytte mindre tid til administrative gjøremål, er ikke oppnådd. Fagpersonale t synes i stor grad å vurdere de administrative tjenester utfra forve ntninger om administrasjonen som serviceorgan for faglig virksomhet. Administrasjonens forvaltningsfunksjon framstår som styrket, men knyt tet til at den administrative ressursbruken har økt. Organiseringen a v administrasjonen ved den enkelte høgskole avspeiler spenninger mell om ulike styringslogikker: forvaltningsorienteret mål- og resultatsty ring kontra kollegial styring iprofesjonsorganisasjoner.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Dimmen, Åsmund (1999). Styringsstruktur og faglig ledelse i de statlige høgskolene. Norges forskningsråd. ISSN 8212012735. Show summary

  Hovedspørsmålet i undersøkelsen er i hvilken grad styringsstrukturen ved høgskolene er egnet til å realisere de faglige målene for høgskol ereformen Undersøkelsen tyder på at de finnes betydelige spenninger i styringsstrukturen som skaper problemer for rolleutformingen for de ulike lederne. Spesielt framstår betydelige rolleuklarheter når det g jeler forholdet mellom faglige og administrative ledere på avdelings- og grunnenhetsnivå. De valgte lederne kommer inn i roller som går ut over de forutsetninger som ligger til grunn for styringsordningen. D et er ikke empirisk enkelt å finne klare linjer mellom styringsstrukt urens utforming og de faglige mål som er satt for reformen.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1998). Fra modell til praksis : iverksetting av delt styringsstruktur i høgskolene. Norges forskningsråd. ISSN 82-12-01093-7.
• Berge, Dag Magne; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Gjerde, Ingunn; Husby, Solveig & Ødegård, Anne-Karin (1998). Omstilling i fylkesmannsembetene : en kartlegging av behov, forutsetninger og tiltak for omstilling. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Steinbru, Anita; Tornes, Kristin; Dahl, Sølvi & Rønhovde, Lars (1998). Underveisrapport til Kirke-, utdannings- og forskningsdepartementet, april 1998. Norges forskningsråd, Området for kultur og samfunn. ISSN 82-12-01117-8.
• Hervik, Arild; Arnestad, Maja; Wicksteed, Bill; Sørlie, Ingunn Rasmussen & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1997). Evaluering av FORNY-programmet : tilrådinger og endringsforslag. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-022-4.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Bjarnar, Ove (1997). Kunnskapsflyt mellom akademia og regionalt næringsliv : fra retorikk til realitet. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 82-90347-63-4.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir; Reitan, Christine & Steinbru, Anita (1996). Kunnskapsspredning gjennom mobilitet : 2. gangs evaluering av utplasseringsordningen for ingeniører og økonomer i Nord-Norge. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-009-7.
• Vatne, Solfrid; Steinbru, Anita; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Rekdal, Eddie (1996). Ressursbruk og organisering i Psykiatrisk storavdeling ved Fylkessjukehuset i Molde. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-012-7.
• Bjarnar, Ove & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1995). Næringslivslederes utdanning og eierposisjon : en historisk undersøkelse fra Møre og Romsdal. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-000-3.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Steinbru, Anita (1995). Kommuner og boligsamvirket i samspill. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7830-005-4.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Dahl, Sølvi (1994). Omstilling og utvikling av boligsamvirket i Møre og Romsdal. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Berge, Dag Magne; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Kjersem, Eli (1994). Boligbyggelag i kommunal boligforvaltning i Møre og Romsdal. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1993). DUs betydning for bedriftene i Møre og Romsdal. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7692-019-5.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1993). Ledelse av organisasjoner : veier til større forståelse. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0802-3646.
• Rønhovde, Lars & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1993). Miljø og forandringspotensiale ved Glamox Fabrikker A/S. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Berge, Dag Magne; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Guvåg, Bjørn (1992). Fusjonen mellom NTNF og Bransjeforskningsfondet : to år etter. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7692-001-2.
• Dahl, Sølvi & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1992). Bedrifters strategiske tilpasning til DUs virkemidler. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-7692-003-9.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1991). Lokalisering av statsinstitusjoner. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-90426-91-7.
• Skjåk, Knut Kalgraff; Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Guvåg, Bjørn (1991). Utplasseringsordningen for ingeniører og økonomer i nord-norsk næringsliv. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1991). Organisasjonsendring gjennom generasjoner av ledere : en studie av endringer i Hafslund Nycomed, Elkem og Norsk hydro. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 82-90426-84-4.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1990). Hvorfor siviløkonomene har utklasset sivilingeniørene som toppledere i norske industriselskaper. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0802-3646. Show summary

  Artikkelen påpeker at den økende andelen siviløkonomer og den minkende andelen sivilingeniører i toppledelsen i store norske selskaper ikke alene kan forklares ut fra utdanningsbakgrunn. Endringer må forstås utfra historiske endringer i markedene, i vekststrategiene, og i organisasjonsformene. I de endringene som har skjedd i etterkrigstiden har økonomene spilt en stadig viktigere rolle og ikke minst populariteten til divisjonsformen har passet siviløkonomene langt bedre enn sivilingeniørene.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1990). David mot David mot Goliat : en rapport om distriktenes kamp for statlige institusjoner. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0803-9259.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Nesheim, Torstein (1990). Konsernorganisering : modell og praksis. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0802-3646. Show summary

  At man i det private næringsliv anvender bare én type konsernstruktur, er i høyeste grad en forestilling - og en tvilsom sådan, hevdes det i denne artikkelen. Den tar for seg og retter søkelyset mot den mangfoldighet som i praksis eksisterer mht. divisjonsformen og på generelle praktiske problemer knyttet til tilpasningen til teorien.

• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir & Strand, Torodd (1989). Divisionalization and managerial orientations. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0802-3646.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1989). Organisasjon og ledelse i Norsk Hydro. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0801-9045.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1989). Organisasjon og ledelse i Elkem. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0801-9045.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1989). Organisasjon og ledelse i Hafslund-Nycomed. Møreforsking Molde. ISSN 0801-9045.
• Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (1989). Divisionalization : structure or process : a longitudinal perspective. Norsk senter for forskning i ledelse, organisasjon og styring, LOS-senteret. ISSN 0802-3646. Show summary

  In this paper the author questions the image of divisionalization as a clearcut organizational configuration of structural elements ready to be adjusted to and implemented in almost any kind of business and public organization, given some objective situational criteria. The basis for this critique is a research project aiming at description of long-term strategic change in three Norwegian divisionalized manufacturing companies. This research shows that divisionalization may fruitfully be conceived of as a process intervowen in the broader process of strategic change. Within this process internal political activity as well as institutionalized ideas may mix with objective situational forces to produce the interpretive schemes on which structural designs are based. When divisionalization is only loosely coupled to changes in business strategy and corporate management the process of divisionalization may take the pattern of a long-lasting incremental evolution. In this process managers' ideas of divisionalization and structural design changes only slowly.

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