Morten Svindland

• Jarumaneeroj, Pisit; Barnett Lawton, Jorge & Svindland, Morten (2023). An evolution of the Global Container Shipping Network : port connectivity and trading community structure (2011–2017). Maritime Economics & Logistics. ISSN 1479-2931. 26(2), p. 283–306. doi: 10.1057/s41278-023-00273-x. Show summary

  Port connectivity and trading community structure are two fundamental network characteristics that complement one another in explaining the evolution of maritime transport networks. Although port connectivity has been widely studied in the literature, the investigations on trading community structures are rather limited. To better fill this gap, this paper aims to provide a more complete picture of the Global Container Shipping Network (GCSN)’s evolution, based on our earlier works in MEL. In doing so, the GCSN, representing a snapshot of trade at the end of each quarter, from Q3/2011 to Q3/2017, is first constructed. The connectivity of ports and their respective trading communities are then extracted by the Container Port Connectivity Index and the Louvain algorithm, respectively. With our proposed framework, related players would be able to understand the growth of GCSN, as well as the impacts of maritime occurrences on the network of container shipping. Our computational results indicate that port connectivity and trading community structure gradually evolve according to the economic conditions that change over time and the evolution of GCSN could be well explained by these two explanatory variables. In this regard, ports in East Asia consistently dominate others in terms of both inbound and outbound connectivity, led by Shanghai and other major ports of mainland China. Furthermore, the formation of trading communities largely depends on trading patterns—rather than geographical locations—which is evident from the insolvency and mergers of communities in the North American region right after the expansion of the Panama Canal in 2016.

• Svindland, Morten & Hjelle, Harald M. (2019). The comparative CO<inf>2</inf> efficiency of short sea container transport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. ISSN 1361-9209. 77, p. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.08.025. Show summary

  European transport policies have over the last decades advocated the CO2 efficiency of maritime transport relative to road haulage, and consequently, shipping reaping the benefits of being considered the green mode of freight transport. To date, research focusing on CO2 emissions from ships has to a great extent followed a modeling approach, based on a set of more or less well-founded assumptions. Yet these presumptions raise questions regarding the reliability of the emission results presented and the foundation of which transport policies are built upon. In an attempt to broaden the discussion, this paper presents CO2 emissions that have been calculated based on data from actual container feeder operations in Europe over a full year of service. Through the development of origin-destination matrices representing these real container flows, a mode-comparative analysis of CO2 efficiency is undertaken by constructing a counterfactual road transport alternative serving the same market. Although the results generally corroborate the environmental superiority of short sea container shipping with respect to CO2 efficiency, the comparative edge seems to be marginal in some scenarios. Thus, highlighting the need for shipping services to obtain a fairly high capacity utilization in order to still represent the green mode of transport in terms of CO2 emissions. Keywords: CO2 efficiency,short sea container transport, road transport

• Svindland, Morten; Monios, Jason & Hjelle, Harald M. (2019). Port rationalization and the evolution of regional port systems : the case of Norway. Maritime Policy & Management. ISSN 0308-8839. 46(5), p. 613–629. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2019.1574988. Show summary

  This paper explores container port system evolution and port choice from the perspective of a regional or secondary (feeder and short sea) system. Theory predicts that large-scale container port systems tend towards concentration, rationalizing the number of ports, followed by deconcentration. By contrast, regional port systems remain under-researched. Such systems tend to retain their large number of small ports, as the alternative would be serving their long coastlines, small islands and sparse populations by long overland routes or not at all. Norway is a classic feeder and short sea market with a long coastline and dispersed population served by many small ports. The methodology utilizes concentration analysis and semi-structured interviews to explore if the Norwegian system conforms to theories of port concentration and port choice, including issues of regional port governance. Findings show that the Norwegian system demonstrates the same process of concentration and then deconcentration as major port ranges. However, its number of ports has not been rationalized, suggesting that such regional systems may indeed evolve differently to major port ranges. Nevertheless, ongoing discussion of reform in Norway towards regional port governance, similar to other European countries, may eventually result in such rationalization. Keywords: short sea shipping (SSS), port choice, container port systems, shipping lines, feeder ports, secondary ports, regional ports

• Svindland, Morten (2016). The environmental effects of emission control area regulations on short sea shipping in Northern Europe : The case of container feeder vessels. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. ISSN 1361-9209. 61(B), p. 423–430. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2016.11.008. Show summary

  Through the adoption and development of Annex VI, the International Maritime Organization has followed a stepwise approach to sulfur content reductions in marine fuels. The Annex also implies that vessels operating in the waters of designated Emission Control Areas (ECA) need to comply with stricter limits than the global regulations, dropping as low as 0.1% from 1st January 2015. Shipping companies operating in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea have flagged their concern about short sea shipping’s competitiveness as the tightened restrictions on SOx emissions will force companies to switch to cleaner and more costly fuels, or implement other abatement measures. Hence, European transport policies aimed at transferring more cargo from road to sea might be counteracted by stricter environmental regulations. This paper presents SO2 emission calculations of two container feeder vessels based on comprehensive shipment level data before the implementation of the ECA regulations. A comparative analysis of the environmental footprint of the short sea shipping service with a counterfactual road haulage operation is conducted in a pre- and post ECA regulation setting. This effectively illustrates how empirical data supports the necessity of stricter SOx regulations in order for maritime operations to uphold a green image set up against competing transport modes. Keywords: Emission Control Area regulations; SO2 emissions; Short sea container transport; Road haulage; Paradox.

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• Klakegg, Øystein & Svindland, Morten (2021). Hvordan oppnå en femdobling av norsk akvakultur innen 2050 på en bærekraftig måte.
• Svindland, Morten; Hegdal, Tone; Rekdal, Per Kristian; Haugen, Kjetil K. & Waagbø, Arild Johan (2020). Slik justerer faglærerere oppgavene til hjemmeeksamen. [Newspaper]. Panorama.
• Svindland, Morten (2017). Rektorkandidater uten forskningserfaring. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Svindland, Morten; Monios, Jason & Hjelle, Harald M. (2016). Port Choice and the Evolution of Feeder Systems: the Case of Norway.
• Svindland, Morten & Hjelle, Harald M. (2014). The Comparative CO2 efficiency of short sea container transports.
• Svindland, Morten (2020). Towards sustainable short sea container transports. Molde University College - Specialized University in Logistics. ISSN 978-82-7962-283-3.
• Johannessen, Gøran; Oterhals, Oddmund & Svindland, Morten (2013). Sjøtransport Romsdal : potensiale for økt sjøtransport i Romsdalsregionen. Møreforsking Molde AS. ISSN 978‐82‐7830‐183‐8. Show summary

  Molde og Romsdal Havn (MRH) ønsker å styrke sin posisjon som terminalaktør for sjøbaserte logistikkløsninger i egen region ved å løse ut potensialer for økt sjøtransport til og fra lokale næringsaktører. Møreforsking Molde ble sommeren 2012 engasjert for å gjennomføre forprosjektet Sjøtransport Romsdal, der det på systematisk vis skulle skaffes oversikt over lokale varestrømmer og transporttjenester som kan gi grunnlag for økt trafikk over lokale havneanlegg. En slik analyse vil i neste omgang danne grunnlag for vurdering av tiltak som kan medføre økt trafikk over MRH sine terminaler og eventuelle nye investeringer. Hoveddelen av forprosjektet bestod av en kartlegging av varestrømmer og andre aktuelle spørsmål for et utvalg på 43 bedrifter i regionen. I rapporten beskrives varestrømmer og potensialer for økt sjøtransport. Bedriftene er bedt om å kommentere flaskehalser og aktuelle tiltak i forhold til økt sjøtransport lokalt, og de er bedt om å vurdere kvaliteten på MRH sine tjenester. I drøftingen og konklusjonene fra arbeidet er det fokusert på fire hovedområder: ‐ Kontinuerlig utvikling av anlegg og terminaltjenester tilpasset bedriftenes behov ‐ Behovet for organisering av bedriftssamarbeid for å få til felles sjøtransportløsninger ‐ Bedre organisering og systemløsninger for sjøtransport – bedre kommunikasjon med bedriftene ‐ Styrking av det lokale agentleddet Tilrådingene blir overlatt til MRH for videre bearbeiding og gjennomføring av valgte strategier.

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