Anne Marie Mork Rokstad

• Nilsen, Anita; Eriksen, Siren ; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Hillestad, Adelheid Hummelvoll; Julnes, Signe Gunn & Tretteteig, Signe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Treatment and care for nursing home residents with COVID-19 : a qualitative study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 17, p. 2935–2946. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S467459. Show summary

  Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) placed a significant strain on nursing homes, leading to numerous outbreaks and high mortality rates. This situation created considerable stress and challenges for residents, their physicians and nurses, as well as family caregivers. By understanding these challenges, we can gain new insights and learn valuable lessons. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the treatment and care provided to nursing home residents with COVID-19, as experienced by physicians, nurses, and family caregivers. Participants and Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of 35 interviews with physicians, nurses, and family caregivers, each with personal experience caring for nursing home residents diagnosed with COVID-19. The interviews took place from December 2020 to April 2021. We analyzed the transcriptions based on Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis model and followed a qualitative descriptive design as outlined by Sandelowski. Findings: The analysis produced three themes: 1) Balancing medical treatment, 2) The need for increased systematic monitoring of vital functions, and 3) Determining the treatment level for nursing home residents. These themes were explored through the unique perspectives of the three participant groups: physicians, nurses, and family caregivers. The findings revealed several challenges related to treatment and care for nursing home residents diagnosed with COVID-19. This applied both to relief of symptoms, monitoring of vital functions, assessment of treatment level and use of advance care planning. Conclusion: Drawing from the experiences of physicians, nurses, and family caregivers, there should be a unified plan at the municipal or national level for competency development in nursing homes to prepare for future crises like pandemics or epidemics. Additionally, the safe engagement of family caregivers and relatives should be given priority.

• Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Bergh, Sverre; Livingston, Gill; Lurås, Hilde & Mamelund, Svenn-Erik [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). A longitudinal cohort study on the use of health and care services by older adults living at home with/without dementia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the HUNT study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 24. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10846-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2024). Person-centered dementia care in Norway : strategies, research and implementation. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. ISSN 2043-7730. 12(2), p. 1–6. doi: 10.5750/ijpcm.v12i2.1115. Show summary

  Person-centered dementia care, as described by Tom Kitwood in his book entitled Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First from 1997 [1], became known in Norway in the early 2000s. The theory and value base of person-centered care became highly recognized by central stakeholders in dementia care and research. The willingness to explore how person-centered care could be feasible in a Norwegian setting started a process tailored to national strategy, research, and methods for implementation in care practice.

• Molvik, Inger; Kjelvik, Grete; Selbæk, Geir & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2024). Exploring the lived experience : impact of dementia diagnosis on individuals with cognitive impairment - a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04665-3. Show summary

  Objective: Although knowledge about the experience of being diagnosed with dementia is limited, with the expected rise in dementia’s prevalence in the coming decades, such knowledge is pivotal for the people diagnosed, their families, and healthcare planners. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the experience of living with cognitive impairment and dementia and the impact of being diagnosed with dementia. Method: A qualitative design was applied. Participants were recruited based on age-adjusted values below ​​threshold values on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (i.e. 70–79 years, < 22; 80–89 years, < 21; 90 + years, < 20), and the sample ultimately included 15 participants: six with and nine without a documented dementia diagnosis. Qualitative content analysis was performed on the transcribed interviews in four steps to identify codes, categories, and the overall theme. Results: Three major categories emerged from the interviews: (1) experiences with changes, (2) experiences with being diagnosed with dementia, and (3) existential experience. All participants with and most participants without a dementia diagnosis experienced changes in cognition. Conclusion: Our findings imply that being diagnosed with dementia is a relief because it explains observed cognitive and functional decreases and reduces confusion, shame and stigma. However, it also raises concerns about an unknown future. Most participants not diagnosed with dementia reported having little or no difficulty with everyday living and leading a fulfilling life. Those findings emphasise the significance of timely versus early diagnosis.

• Hol, Hege & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2024). Sykepleieres kompetanse og rolle i møte med forespørsler om assistert død : en kvalitativ studie. Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning. ISSN 2387-5976. 9(3), p. 1–15. Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Assistert død er ikke tillatt i Norge, men sykepleiere får forespørsler fra terminale pasienter og opplever det som vanskelig. Forskning viser at sykepleiere har begrenset faglig kunnskap om assistert død. Hensikten med studien er å utforske sykepleieres kompetanse og rolle i møte med pasienters forespørsel om assistert død. Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt design med en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk tilnærming. Individuelle intervjuer av kliniske sykepleiere ble analysert med tematisk analyse. Funn: Sykepleierne hadde begrenset teoretisk og klinisk kunnskap om temaet assistert død fra grunnutdanningen, men hadde kjennskap til temaet fra media. Sykepleiere med videreutdanning i palliativ smertelindring hadde fått opplæring om temaet. Sykepleierne opplevde sin egen rolle som uklar i håndteringen av forespørsler om assistert død, og samtalene om døden ble ofte overlatt til andre profesjoner. Konklusjon: Mangelfull kunnskap om assistert død blant sykepleiere krever trygge og faglige rammer, veiledning og støtte for faglig utvikling fra de mer erfarne sykepleierne og det tverrfaglige teamet. Kunnskapsutvikling om assistert død trenger å bli belyst både i klinikken, i utdanningen og i forskningssammenheng.

• Kjelvik, Grete; Selbæk, Geir & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). Knowledge and motivation to adopt recommended health behaviours to reduce dementia risk among the elderly in Norway: a qualitative study. Public Health. ISSN 0033-3506. 221(August), p. 60–65. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: Dementia is a major healthcare challenge; however, there is evidence that modifiable risk factors may contribute to reduce dementia risk. The aim of the study was to explore the knowledge and motivation for adopting recommended health behaviours among older adults in Norway. Study design: The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. Methods: Individual interviews were used for data collection. The study population comprised 15 participants, five men and 10 women, aged ≥73 years, recruited from a region in the centre of Norway. Interviews were analysed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified and presented as the main findings, as follows: (1) sufficient knowledge about risk reduction for dementia, including the media as the main source of information; (2) current prevention activities and motivation for risk reduction, including physical, social and cognitive activities and a healthy diet; and (3) motivation for prevention of dementia from a life-course perspective, including experience of health problems, desire to live independently and limited awareness of dementia risk factors in midlife. Conclusions: To tailor information about the modifiable risk factors of dementia and develop preventive interventions, knowledge about motivating factors is essential. Promotion of healthy ageing is required in addition to addressing the fear of future illness and dependency.

• Surr, Claire; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Vila Miravent, Josep; Fernandes, Elena; Post, Aukje & Fusek, Carol [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Development and acceptability of the person-centred observation and reflection tool for supporting staff and practice development in dementia care services. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. 18(5), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/opn.12555. Show summary

  Background: Observational tools can support the understanding of the complex needs of older people with dementia and aid delivery of person-centred care. However, existing tools are complex and resource intensive to use. Objectives: To develop and evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a low-resource, observational tool to support staff reflection and practice development. Methods: Intervention development of the Person-Centred Observation and Reflection Tool (PORT) and acceptability and feasibility study, using surveys and focus groups in the UK, Norway and Spain. Results: PORT was reported as easy, accessible and acceptable to use. The observation was identified as powerful for individual staff development and provided an evidence-based source for underpinning individualised care planning. Potential time challenges associated with implementation were identified. Conclusion: Initial evaluation indicates PORT is an acceptable and feasible tool for use in health and social care settings for older people. Further research is needed on implementation models and the impacts of PORT use. Implications for Practice: PORT may be a useful tool to support individual staff development in care settings and person-centred care planning for people with dementia.

• Nilsen, Anita; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Eriksen, Siren & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). Clinical expressions, characteristics and treatments of confirmed COVID-19 in nursing home residents: a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 23, p. 1–25. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03826-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a high rate of infections, frequent outbreaks, and high mortality rates in nursing homes (NH) worldwide. To protect and improve the treatment and care of the vulnerable NH population, it is pivotal to systematise and synthesise data from cases of COVID-19 among NH residents. In our systematic review, we therefore aimed to describe the clinical expressions, characteristics, and treatments of NH residents confirmed to have COVID-19. Methods: We conducted two comprehensive literature searches in several electronic databases: (1) PubMed, (2) CINAHL, (3) AgeLine, (4) Embase, and (5) PsycINFO in April and July 2021. Of the 438 articles screened, 19 were included in our sample, and we used the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale to assess the quality of the reported studies. A weighted mean (Mweighted), was calculated to account for the large variation in sample sizes of the studies, and due to heterogeneity among the studies, we report our findings in a narrative synthesis. Results: According to the mean weights (Mweighted), common symptoms and signs in NH residents confirmed to have COVID-19 were fever (53.7%), cough (56.5%), hypoxia (32.3%), and delirium or confusion (31.2%). Common comorbidities were hypertension (78.6%), dementia or cognitive impairment (55.3%), and cardiovascular diseases (52.0%). Six studies presented data concerning medical and pharmacological treatments, such as inhalers, oxygen supplementation, anticoagulation, and parenteral/enteral fluids or nutrition. The treatments were used to improve outcomes, as part of palliative care, or as end-of-life treatment. Transfers to hospital for NH residents with confirmed COVID-19 were reported in six of the included studies, and the rate of hospital transfers ranged from 6.9% to 50% in this population. In the 17 studies reporting mortality, 40.2% of the NH residents died during the studies’ observation periods. Conclusions: Our systematic review allowed us to summarise important clinical findings about COVID-19 among NH residents and to identify the population’s risk factors for serious illness and death caused by the disease. However, the treatment and care of NH residents with severe COVID-19 warrant further investigation.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). Livskvalitet i sykehjem. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Anvik, Cecilie Høj & Ødegård, Atle (Ed.), Sykehjemmet : hjem, helseinstitusjon og arbeidsplass. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245033137. p. 69–79. Show summary

  Sykehjemmet er en kompleks institusjon, og skal dekke mange behov og funksjoner. Utfordringene knyttet til mennesker i en livsfase hvor de trenger avansert helsehjelp, omsorg og andre forhold, er mange og sammensatte. Nettopp derfor er det er viktig å beskrive og forstå sykehjem med forskjellige faglige blikk, som får fram ulike aspekter og dimensjoner ved sykehjemmet. Forfatterne ønsker å bidra til en bred forståelse både av hva et sykehjem er, og hvilke utfordringer sektoren står overfor. Boka er en tverrfaglig vitenskapelig antologi. De fagfellevurderte kapitlene viser et mangfold av faglige perspektiver som gir innspill til hvordan vi kan planlegge for fremtidige behov og kompetanse, og utvikle sykehjemmet i tråd med disse. Et felles mål for boken er å gi et kunnskapsgrunnlag som kan bidra til å skape best mulig tjenestekvalitet i sykehjem. Dette er viktig både for de som skal bo i sykehjem, for pårørende og for de ansatte. Målgruppen for boka er profesjonelle utøvere innen helse- og sosialfagene, herunder alle som arbeider i sykehjem og studenter. Undervisningspersonell i universiteter og høgskoler, ansatte i administrasjon og ledelse, samt pårørende vil også kunne finne boka interessant. Anne Marie Mork Rokstad er professor ved Høgskolen i Molde og seniorforsker ved Nasjonalt senter for aldring og helse. Hun er utdannet psykiatrisk sykepleier med klinisk erfaring fra alderspsykiatri og har en doktorgrad på temaet implementering av personsentrert omsorg i sykehjem. Videre forskning har blant annet vært knyttet til dagaktivitetstilbud, forebygging av risikofaktorer for kognitiv svikt og behov hos personer med demens. Cecilie Høj Anvik er professor i velferdssosiologi ved Nord universitet. Hennes forskningsfelt er utsatte grupper og tjenester innenfor velferdsstaten, med særlig tematisk innretning mot institusjonsbasert eldreomsorg, unge i sårbare livssituasjoner og funksjonshemning. Anvik har en doktorgrad i sosialantropologi fra NTNU. Atle Ødegård er psykologspesialist i Helse Møre og Romsdal HF (Avdeling for Spesialisert habilitering) og professor ved Høgskolen i Molde. Forskningsinteressene hans er tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i praksis og utdanning, samt utvikling av ny forskningsmetodikk innenfor disse feltene. Han er tilknyttet Helseinnovasjonssenteret i Kristiansund og har også en professor II-stilling ved Nordlandsforskning der han har spesielt fokus på innovasjon i offentlig sektor.

• Julnes, Signe Gunn; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Eriksen, Siren ; Hillestad, Adelheid Hummelvoll; Nilsen, Anita & Tretteteig, Signe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Nursing home physicians’ experiences with Covid-19 : a qualitative interview study. Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning. ISSN 2387-5976. 8(3), p. 1–14. doi: 10.18261/tfo.8.3.12. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Covid-19 affected patients were at high risk of serious events and deaths in Norwegian nursing homes during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to explore nursing home physicians’ experiences of caring for Covid-19 patients and collaborating with their informal caregivers and nurses. The study is an interview study that included ten nursing home physicians recruited from three out of four health regions with experience from Covid-19 in their nursing homes. A qualitative content analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed. The analysis identified the following categories presented as the main findings: (1) Demanding responsibility for medical assessments and decisions; (2) Communication and collaboration with family caregivers: important and time consuming; and (3) The nurses: an important collaboration partner. The responsibility and challenges in caring for multimorbid and frail patients during the pandemic was experienced as demanding. This finding illustrates the need for good routines as well as local and national guidelines. The importance of experienced nurses as working partners was emphasized. The nursing home physicians ’ description of emotional challenges emphasizes the need for permanent, collegial, and professional networks. Keywords: primary health care, pandemic, multimorbidity, elderly collaboration

• Kjelvik, Grete; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Stuebs, Josephine; Thingstad, Pernille; Deckers, Kay & Köhler, Sebastian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Public knowledge about dementia risk reduction in Norway. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 22(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14433-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Several modifiable lifestyle risk factors for dementia have been identified, but it is unclear how much the Norwegian public knows about the relationship between lifestyle and brain health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate knowledge about modifiable dementia risk and protective factors and beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction in a randomly selected subsample of the Norwegian population. Methods: The total sample (n = 1435) included individuals aged 40–70 years from four counties (Oslo, Innlandet, Nordland and Trøndelag) in Norway. Two online questionnaires were used to measure (1) awareness about dementia risk reduction and (2) an individual`s motivation to change behaviour for dementia risk reduction (MOCHAD-10). Results: Of the participants, 70% were aware of the potential of dementia risk reduction in general. Physical inactivity (86%), cognitive inactivity (84%) and social isolation (80%) were the most frequently recognised dementia risk factors. On the other hand, diabetes (26%), coronary heart disease (19%), hearing loss (18%) and chronic kidney disease (7%) were less often recognised as dementia risk factors. Comparing men and women, the only significant difference was that women were more likely to report parents with dementia as a risk factor compared to men. Gender, age and educational differences were seen in beliefs and attitudes towards dementia prevention:women reported more negative feelings and attitudes towards dementia than men;those aged 40–49 years – more likely than older age groups – reported that ‘knowing family members with dementia’ or ‘having risk factors’ made them believe they had to change their lifestyle and behaviour. Conclusions: The results indicate that 70% of the Norwegian public are aware of the potential for dementia risk reduction in general. However, there are major gaps in existing knowledge, particularly for cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic factors (diabetes, obesity). These findings underline the importance of further informing the Norwegian public about lifestyle-related risk and protective factors of dementia. Differences in beliefs and attitudes towards dementia risk prevention by age, gender and education require tailored public risk reduction interventions.

• Hillestad, Adelheid Hummelvoll; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Tretteteig, Signe; Julnes, Signe Gunn; Lichtwarck, Bjørn & Eriksen, Siren (2022). Nurses’ ethical challenges when providing care in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Ethics. ISSN 0969-7330. 30(1), p. 32–45. doi: 10.1177/09697330221105631. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Older, frail patients with multimorbidity are at an especially high risk for disease severity anddeath from COVID-19. The social restrictions proved challenging for the residents, their relatives, and thecare staff. While these restrictions clearly impacted daily life in Norwegian nursing homes, knowledge abouthow the pandemic influenced nursing practice is sparse. Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate ethicaldifficult situations experienced by Norwegian nurses working in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design and participants: The research design involved semistructured individual interviews conducted with 15 nurses working in 8 nursing homes in 3 health regions in Norway, within both urban andrural areas. Ethical considerations: Oral and written information about the study was provided before the participantsgave their written consent. The transcribed interviews were de-identified. The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Findings: Four ethical difficult situations were identified: (a) turning the nursing home into a prison; (b) usingmedication to maintain peace and order; (c) being left alone with the responsibility; and (d) s. impact ondecision-making. Conclusions: The nurses’ethical challenges were intertwined with external factors, such as national andlocal guidelines, and the nurses’own internalized factors, which were connected to their subjective pro-fessionality. This duality inflicted emotional distress and gave nurses few opportunities to perform nursing in aprofessionally sound and safe manner. Keywords: COVID-19, nursing home, nursing, ethical challenges. © The Author(s) 2022, Article Reuse Guidelines: https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330221105631

• Hol, Hege Bente; Vatne, Solfrid; Strømskag, Kjell Erik; Orøy, Aud Jorun & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2022). Norwegian nurses' perceptions of assisted dying requests from terminally ill patients : a qualitative interview study. Nursing Inquiry. ISSN 1320-7881. 30(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/nin.12517. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explores the perceptions of Norwegian nurses who have receivedassisted dying requests from terminally ill patients. Assisted dying is illegal inNorway, while in some countries, it is an option. Nurses caring for terminally illpatients may experience ethical challenges by receiving requests for euthanasia andassisted suicide. We applied a qualitative research design with a phenomenologicalhermeneutic approach using open individual interviews. A total of 15 registerednurses employed in pulmonary and oncology wards of three university hospitals andhome care in one municipality were recruited. Four themes emerged from theanalysis: (1) unprepared for the request; (2) meeting direct, indirect, and nonverbalrequests; (3) working in a gray zone, and (4) feeling alone and powerless. The studyfound that nurses were unsure how to handle such requests due to professionaluncertainty about assisted dying. Working in an environment where the topic istaboo made nurses morally uncertain, and some perceived this as moral distress. Thehospital chaplain played a significant role in providing support to these nurses. Keywords: assisted dying requests, ethical challenge, interviews, moral distress, moral uncertainty, nurses'experiences, phenomenological hermeneutic design

• Hol, Hege Bente; Vatne, Solfrid; Orøy, Aud Jorun; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Opdal, Øivind (2022). Norwegian nurses' attitudes toward assisted dying : a cross-sectional study. Nursing: Research and Reviews. 2022(12), p. 101–109. doi: 10.2147/NRR.S363670. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: The purpose was to investigate: (a) Norwegian nurses’ attitudes toward assisted dying, and (b) how much nurses receive requests from terminally ill patients for help in dying. Participants and Methods: A quantitative explorative study was conducted using a web-based cross-sectional survey to collect data. The survey was sent to a total of 734 eligible participants, and 205 clinical nurses participated by completing the survey. Data were analyzed using bivariate statistics and multivariate ordinal regression. Results: The study revealed that 56% of the participating nurses agreed with the statement that physician-assisted suicide should be allowed, and 48% supported legalization of euthanasia. Nurses in pulmonary wards were more positive about the legalization of physician-assisted suicide (OR = 2.98, CI = 1.34– 6.66, p = 0.008) and euthanasia (OR = 3.51, CI = 1.58– 7.81, p = 0.002) than nurses in oncological wards. Nurses over 30 years old held more negative attitudes about physician-assisted suicide than younger nurses (OR = 0.16, CI = 0.07– 0.39, p

• Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken; Tangen, Gro Gujord; Eriksen, Siren & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2022). Fun and a meaningful routine : the experience of physical activity in people with dementia. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 22(1), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03149-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Physical activity is important to health and wellbeing. People with dementia are less physically active than their cognitively healthy counterparts. Reasons for this are multifaceted, and are thought to be social, psychological, and physiological. People with dementia often use services such as home care, day care centres and nursing home, and according to the stage of disease they are less or more dependent on other people to take part in activities. To develop appropriate services to this patient group, their needs and preferences regarding physical activity must be recognized. The aim of the study was therefore to provide insight into experiences with physical activity in people with dementia. Methods: The current study is part of a larger research project on needs in people with dementia. The main project included qualitative semi-structured interviews with 35 persons with dementia. 27 of the participants talked about their experience with physical activity. In the current study, the relevant findings on this theme were analysed separately. A phenomenological hermeneutic research design was applied. Results: The analysis revealed three main categories regarding experiences with physical activity. To be physically active provided positive experiences such as feelings of mastering and post-exercise euphoria. To be physically active was meaningful. The daily walk was an important routine to many, and it gave meaningful content to the day. Keeping up with activities confirmed identity. Lastly, to be active was perceived as challenging. Participants described different barriers to being physically active such as a decline of physical function, lack of motivation and being dependent on others to go out. Conclusions: Many of the participants expressed that being physically active was important to them. It is essential that informal and formal carers are aware of the role physical activity plays in the lives of many people with dementia, so that appropriate measures can be taken to assure continued active living in order to preserve health and quality of life.

• Myrvang, Tove & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2022). Simulering og ferdighetstrening kombinert med bruk av systematiske verktøy i sykehjem : en kvalitativ studie av sykepleiernes erfaringer. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 12(2), p. 1–14. doi: 10.18261/nsf.12.2.1. Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Pasienter i sykehjem har et sammensatt og komplekst sykdomsbilde. Pasientsikkerhetsprogrammet anbefaler bruk av verktøy for å systematisere kliniske observasjoner og sikre felles strukturerte rapporter mellom helsepersonell. Formål: Hensikten med denne intervensjonsstudien var å utforske sykepleiere i sykehjem sine erfaringer med og utbytte av ferdighetstrening og simulering som metoder for kompetanseutvikling. Metode: Intervensjonen inneholdt en kombinasjon av undervisning, ferdighetstrening og simulering kombinert med bruk av systematiske verktøy. Studien har et kvalitativt forskningsdesign der fokusgruppeintervjuer er valgt som metode for datasamling. Utvalget besto av 10 sykepleiere fra ett sykehjem. Resultat: Ifølge deltakerne ga opplæringsintervensjonen økt faglig bevissthet og bedre kontroll i krevende situasjoner. Systematiske verktøy bidro til bedre samarbeid og kommunikasjon. En forutsetning for bred implementering av ny praksis er videre ferdighetstrening, deling av kunnskap og at nødvendig utstyr er tilgjengelig. Konklusjon: Sykepleiere i sykehjem opplever stort behov for økt kompetanse i kartlegging og behandlingen av komplekse kliniske symptombilder hos pasientene. Studien viser at ferdighetstrening og simulering kombinert med bruk av systematiske verktøy synes å øke deltakernes kliniske observasjonsferdigheter. Nøkkelord: ABCDE, ISBAR, kompetanse, pasientsikkerhet, sykehjem

• Eriksen, Siren ; Grov, Ellen Karine; Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken (2022). The experience of lived body as expressed by people with dementia : a systematic meta-synthesis. Dementia. ISSN 1471-3012. 21(5), p. 1771–1799. doi: 10.1177/14713012221082369. Show summary

  Introduction: People with dementia undergo extensive bodily changes during the course of dementia. Even though this is largely unrecognised in the literature, these changes greatly impact on the persons’ experiences of living with dementia. Consequently, health care professionals and family caregivers need to be aware of the implications this has for delivering care to people with dementia. Hence, a systematic review that synthesises the knowledge on this topic is called for. Method: This article presents a qualitative systematic meta-synthesis of interview studies with people with dementia. The theoretical framework of lifeworlds by van Manen provided the context for the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria for qualitative studies were used to appraise the studies. Thirty-nine qualitative research studies were included in the review. The analysis followed the principles of interpretive synthesis. Findings: When exploring people’s experiences of their body when living with dementia, four categories emerge: (1) My body works; (2) My body betrays me; (3) Understanding and adapting to my body’s changes; and (4) My body in relation to others. Discussion/Conclusion: Every individual has their own personal experience of living with dementia; however, if health professionals fail to regard the body as more than an object, this may lead to the person’s alienation both from the relation and from the body. The lived body experience has relational aspects as people with dementia are aware that others observe them, and they also observe others. Others’ behaviour may affect the person’s experience of body; one can perceive oneself as approved or denounced. People with dementia describe that a body that is capable and strong gives access to the world and to participation.

• Hoel, Kari Anne; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Væringstad, Anette; Feiring, Ingvild Hjorth; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Selbæk, Geir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) in home care services: a cluster randomized feasibility trial. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07830-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently in people with dementia and can contribute to an increased need for help and a reduced quality of life, but also predict early institutionalization. The Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) might be a useful personalized approach to BPSD in people with dementia. The main objective of this feasibility trial was to explore the trial design and methods along with the patients’ and the home care staff’s acceptance of the TIME intervention before developing a definitive trial. Additionally, we wanted to explore whether TIME could be appropriate for staff in home care services in their approach towards people with dementia with anxiety and depression. Methods: This was a 18-month feasibility trial using a parallel cluster randomized controlled design. Nine municipalities from the eastern part of Norway (clusters) — 40 people with dementia and 37 of their next of kin— were randomized to the TIME intervention or to treatment as usual. In addition, qualitative data as field notes were collected and summarized. Results: The staff in home care services experienced TIME as an appropriate method; in particular, the systematic approach to the patient’s BPSD was experienced as useful. However, the completion of the assessment phase was considered exhaustive and time-consuming, and some of the staff found it challenging to find time for the case conferences. Conclusions: We consider that TIME, with some adjustments, could be useful for staff in home care services in cases where they face challenges in providing care and support to people with dementia. This feasibility trial indicates that we can move forward with a future definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effect of TIME in people with dementia receiving home care services.

• Eriksen, Siren ; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Selbæk, Geir; Björklöf, Guro Hanevold; Tveito, Marit & Bergh, Sverre [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Bruk av skjermbaserte medier blant eldre under covid-19-pandemien : en HUNT studie. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 17. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2022.88131. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Eldre er spesielt sårbare for alvorlig sykdom og død ved covid-19 og har blitt oppfordret til selvisolering under koronapandemien. Skjermbaserte medier og telefon har blitt fremhevet som viktige hjelpemidler for å unngå ensomhet, opprettholde kontakten med venner og familie samt sikre oppfølging av nødvendig helsehjelp. Det har imidlertid manglet kunnskap om hvordan eldre har brukt skjermbaserte medier under pandemien. Hensikt: Formålet med studien var å undersøke hvordan eldre over 70 år har benyttet skjermbaserte medier til underholdning, informasjon og kontakt med venner, sosialt nettverk og helsepersonell. Videre ønsket vi å se på hvordan kjønn og alder påvirket bruken. Metode: I januar 2021 sendte vi et spørreskjema i posten til 12 772 personer som var 70 år eller eldre da de deltok i den fjerde runden av Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT 4) i perioden 2017–19. Deltakerne ble bedt om å angi hvor mye tid per dag de hadde brukt på henholdsvis underholdning, kontakt med venner eller nettverk og innhenting av kunnskap eller informasjon på skjermbaserte medier. Resultat: Totalt 9391 personer (73,5 prosent) (72–106 år) svarte på spørreundersøkelsen. Av disse brukte 83,9 prosent skjermbaserte medier til å holde kontakten med venner og sosialt nettverk. Åtte prosent svarte at de hadde hatt kontakt med helsepersonell på skjermbaserte medier. Flere kvinner enn menn og 􀃩ere under 80 år enn over holdt kontakten med andre via skjerm. Konklusjon: En stor andel eldre har brukt skjermbaserte medier under pandemien. Studien avdekket at det har vært lite kontakt mellom eldre og helsepersonell via telefon eller skjerm. Slik kontakt bør styrkes, samtidig som det må settes søkelys på de i den eldste delen av befolkningen som ikke benytter seg av kommunikasjonsteknologi.

• Tretteteig, Signe; Eriksen, Siren; Hillestad, Adelheid H.; Julnes, Signe Gunn; Lichtwarck, Bjørn & Nilsen, Anita [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The experience of relatives of nursing home residents with COVID-19 : a qualitative study. Nursing: Research and Reviews. 12, p. 17–27. doi: 10.2147/NRR.S328336. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had significant consequences for relatives’ opportunities to communicate with and offer care to seriously ill and dying nursing home residents with COVID-19. Residents in nursing homes were urged to protect themselves through social distancing, and visits have been permanently regulated and limited. These restrictions have been challenging, and the limitations have raised many questions and led to difficult choices. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of relatives of nursing home residents with COVID-19. We investigated the following two research questions: How did relatives of COVID-19 patients in Norwegian nursing homes experience the situation and how did the physical distancing and precepts of infection control affect the relationship between the long-term residents and the relatives?. Methods: The study has a qualitative explorative design with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, with individual in-depth interviews used for data collection. The study included ten relatives of nursing home residents with COVID-19. Results: Three main perspectives were identified from the participants’ experiences: (1) the difficult choices; (2) maintaining the relationship; and (3) experiencing support. The relatives experienced ethical dilemmas when weighing the risk of getting COVID-19 if they visited the patient versus the consequences of not visiting their loved one. In this situation, they needed good information and support from health care professionals. Conclusion: To enable relatives of COVID-19 patients to make choices in line with their goals and intrinsic motivations, it is important that staff members possess competence in infection control, updated knowledge about the residents’ situations, and the skills to facilitate a safe and confident dialogue. Trust in the care staff and a feeling of safety are essential for relatives in a stressful situation with difficult choices, while a lack of confidence, routines, and/or dialogue might increase relatives’ feelings of insecurity and stress and make their caring role difficult.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Røsvik, Janne-Kathrin; Fossberg, Marit & Eriksen, Siren (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia : a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 21, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02551-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Worldwide, restrictive measures have been taken to manage the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and self-isolation have considerably affected the lives of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. The purpose of the study was to explore the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia in Norway. Methods The study had a qualitative descriptive design using individual telephone interviews for data collection. A total sample of 17 spouses of people with dementia were included, 14 women and three men ages 52 to 82 years. A qualitative content analysis following six steps inspired by Graneheim and Lundman was used to identify the categories presented. Results The participants emphasized four main perspectives: 1) Radical changes in available services, 2) Restrictions changed everyday life, 3) Impacts on health and well-being, and 4) Actions that made life easier. The participants also described how positive activities and easily accessible services helped them in this situation. Conclusions The governmental restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in radical changes in available services with severe consequences for the lives and well-being of home-dwelling people with dementia and their spouses. Examples of coping strategies and possible psychosocial interventions compatible with virus precautions were identified. The potential of such interventions should be further explored to meet the needs of vulnerable groups in situations like a pandemic.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Eriksen, Siren & Björklöf, Guro Hanevold (2021). The facilitation of user-involvement for people with dementia as experienced by health care professionals : a qualitative study using focus groups. Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 26(12), p. 2511–2517. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1975094. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective The main objective of this study was to explore how health care professionals experience adaptation of user-involvement for people with dementia receiving health and social care. Method A qualitative explorative design was used with eight focus groups as the method of data collection. A total of 49 health care professionals were included representing a variety of professions, municipal and specialized health services, and all health regions of Norway. The transcribed focus group interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis following six steps to identify categories and the overall theme. Results Six main categories were identified: 1) facilitation of self-determination, 2) challenges of reduced or lack of awareness, 3) family caregivers’ concern and protection, 4) open communication, 5) establishing a trustworthy relationship, and 6) clarifying expectations. To maintain independent lives for people with dementia, health care professionals must facilitate and support shared decision-making using an open and trustworthy communication. Conclusion To facilitate user-involvement, health care professionals need to develop and implement strategies that consider the perspectives of people with dementia and support the relationship between people with dementia and their informal caregivers. Keywords: dementiauser-involvement, decision-making, experience, health care professionals

• Hoel, Kari-Anne; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Feiring, Ingvild Hjorth; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Selbæk, Geir & Bergh, Sverre (2021). Person-centered dementia care in home care services – highly recommended but still challenging to obtain : a qualitative interview study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 21, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06722-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Dementia is one of the main causes of disability and dependence in older people, and people with dementia need comprehensive healthcare services, preferably in their own homes. A well-organized home care service designed for people with dementia is necessary to meet their needs for health- and social care. Therefore, it is important to gain knowledge about how people with dementia experience the home care service and if the service responds to their wishes and needs. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of home care services among people with dementia, to understand the continuity in services, how the service was adapted to people with dementia, and how the patient experienced person-centered care and shared decision-making. Methods: We used a qualitative, exploratory design based on a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach and performed individual in-depth interviews with persons with dementia. A convenience sample of 12 persons with moderate to severe degrees of dementia from four Norwegian municipalities participated in the study. The interviews were conducted in February 2019. Results: The findings identified that the participants appreciated the possibility to stay safely in their own homes and mostly experienced good support from staff. They expressed various views and understanding of the service and experienced limited opportunities for user involvement and individualized, tailored service. The overall theme summarizing the findings was: “It is difficult for people with dementia to understand and influence home care services, but the services facilitate the possibility to stay at home and feel safe with support from staff.” Conclusion: The participants did not fully understand the organization of the care and support they received from the home care services, but they adapted to the service without asking for changes based on their needs or desires. Although person-centered care is recommended both nationally and internationally, the participants experienced little inclusion in defining the service they received, and it was perceived as unclear how they could participate in shared decision-making. © The Author(s). 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

• Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Lund, Anne; Engedal, Knut; Kirkevold, Øyvind; Selbæk, Geir & Saltyte Benth, Jurate [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Self-reported quality of life in people with dementia attending a day-care programme in Norway: A 24-month quasi-experimental study. Health and Social Care in the Community. ISSN 0966-0410. 30(4), p. 1315–1324. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13455. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The objectives of the study were (a) to compare self-reported Quality of Life (QoL) in a 24-month follow-up of people with dementia attending day care designed for people with dementia (day-care group, DC) with people with dementia who did not attend day care (control group, CG) and (b) to explore factors associated with QoL. A quasi-experimental design with a 24-month follow-up period was used. The DC group included 181 participants recruited from 53 day-care services. The CG included 76 participants recruited from 19 municipalities with no available day care designed for people with dementia. The sample covered the four health regions of Norway and inclusion period lasted from December 2013 to July 2015. The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale was used as the outcome measure. The differences in QoL between groups and the associations between participant characteristics and QoL, such as depressive symptoms and functional dependency, were examined using a linear mixed model. In the multiple model, the overall trend in QoL did not differ significantly between the DC and CG. However, the DC group exhibited significantly higher self-reported QoL than the CG at all time points (p < 0.001 at T0, p = 0.018 at T12, and p = 0.006 at T24). Participants with shallow or no awareness who attended day care had significantly higher scores on QoL-AD than persons with full awareness (p = 0.017). More depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and higher functional dependency (p < 0.001) were associated with lower self-reported QoL. The study revealed higher scores of self-reported QoL among people attending day care compared with those who did not attend, showing that day care might have positive impact on the lives of people with dementia. © 2021 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

• Hoel, Kari Anne; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Feiring, Ingvild Hjorth; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Selbæk, Geir & Bergh, Sverre (2021). Staff's perspectives on the organization of homecare services to people with dementia : a qualitative study. Nursing Open. ISSN 2054-1058. 8(4), p. 1797–1804. doi: 10.1002/nop2.822. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of homecare staff about the impact of the organization of homecare services for people with dementia. Design: This study has a qualitative, exploratory design based on a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, using individual in-depth interviews with homecare staff to collect data. Methods: A convenience sample of 14 homecare staff from five municipalities participated in the study. Main topics introduced: (a) how homecare services for people with dementia are organized and (b) challenges in respondents' everyday practice of caring for people with dementia. Interviews were conducted from October to December 2017. Results: Three main themes were identified from the interviews. (a) Complexity and need for individualized facilitated homecare services; homecare services were described as complex in regard to both the patient and the service. The complexity of the service made it challenging to tailor the service to the individual patient. (b) The importance of trust and relationships; establishing trust in the relationship between the patient and the staff resulted in better-quality care. This was crucial for identifying the patient's need for help. (c) Organizational challenges; homecare services could be vulnerable to changes in the organization. Practical tasks and following the daily scheduled task list were often prioritized at the expense of an individually tailored service.

• Strøm, Benedicte Sørensen; Lausund, Hilde; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Engedal, Knut & Goyal, Alka Rani (2021). Nursing Staff’s Knowledge and Attitudes towards Dementia in an Indian Nursing Home: A Qualitative Interview Study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. ISSN 1664-5464. 11(1), p. 29–37. doi: 10.1159/000514092. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Despite the increased prevalence of dementia in India, there is reported to be little awareness of the disease. This could lead to a late diagnosis, a reduced number of choices regarding future care, and misinterpretation of the symptoms or neglect. Taking into consideration that most nurses caring for older people in the future will work with people with dementia, there is concern that they may not be able to meet the needs of this group of patients unless they have the necessary knowledge and a positive attitude. Aim: To explore the knowledge about and attitude towards dementia among nursing staff working in residential care facilities for older people in India. Method: An explorative and descriptive qualitative design was used. Two semistructured focus group interviews were conducted with nursing staff working in 6 nursing homes in India. Qualitative content analysis was used. Ethical approval was granted by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Findings: The participants highlighted the following 3 dimensions in relation to their knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia in residential care facilities in India: (1) people with dementia – a walking mystery; (2) we need to go along with them, but it is challenging; and (3) if we know, we can care for them in a better way. Conclusion: The findings revealed a wide range of differences in attitude towards and inadequate knowledge of dementia among nursing staff. However, their overall attitudes toward people with dementia was positive.

• Nygård, Linda Anette Kornstad; Mundal, Ingunn Pernille; Dahl, Lisbeth; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Limited benefit of marine protein hydrolysate on physical function and strength in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Marine Drugs. ISSN 1660-3397. 19(2), p. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/md19020062. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Age-related muscle wasting can compromise functional abilities of the elderly. Protein intake stimulates muscle protein synthesis; however, ageing muscle is more resistant to stimuli. This double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial is one of the first registered studies to evaluate the effects of a supplement of marine protein hydrolysate (MPH) on measures of physical function and strength. Eighty-six older adults received nutritional supplements containing 3 g of MPH or a placebo for up to 12 months. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), grip strength and gait speed were measured, and dietary intake was registered at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. No difference was found between the intervention and control groups in mean change in SPPB (independent sample t-test, p = 0.41) or regarding time trend in SPPB, grip strength, or gait speed (linear mixed model). The participants in our study were well functioning, causing a ceiling effect in SPPB. Further, they had sufficient protein intake and were physically active. Differences in physical function between those completing the intervention and the dropouts might also have created bias in the results. We recommend that future studies of MPH be carried out on a more frail or malnourished population. Keywords: hydrolysate, fish protein, ageing, physical function, dietary assessment, seafood intake, healthy ageing

• Nygård, Linda Anette Kornstad; Dahl, Lisbeth; Mundal, Ingunn Pernille; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Protein intake, protein mealtime distribution and seafood consumption in elderly Norwegians : associations with physical function and strength. Geriatrics (Basel). ISSN 2308-3417. 5(4), p. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics5040100. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Protein intake is considered important in the maintenance of muscle health in ageing. However, both the source and mealtime distribution of protein might affect the intake of protein and its effect on muscle protein synthesis. In this study, protein intake, mealtime distribution of protein, and seafood consumption were assessed in 92 older adults (aged 65+), and associations with physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)), grip strength and gait speed were assessed in a multiple linear regression analysis. The participants had a mean age of 73 ± 8.9 years. Mean protein intake was 1.1 g/kg body weight. Protein intake was well distributed, with coefficient of variance between meals (CV meals) 0.6 ± 0.3. However, dinner had the highest protein intake. No associations were found between the nutrition factors and physical performance or strength; however, this result might have been caused by a ceiling effect in the chosen test batteries, as the mean score on SPPB was 10.3 ± 2.7, and 48.9% of the participants reached the top score of 12 points. Mean grip strength was 44.4 ± 9.4 kg (men) and 26.2 ± 6.8 kg (women). Mean gait speed was 1.0 ± 0.3 m/s. The interaction analysis suggests that there might be gender differences in the effect of seafood consumption on gait speed. Keywords: nutrition, protein, fish, older adults, physical performance, hand grip strength, sarcopenia, frailty

• Eriksen, Siren; Bartlett, Ruth Louise; Grov, Ellen Karine; Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). The experience of lived time in people with dementia : a systematic meta-synthesis. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. ISSN 1420-8008. 49(5), p. 435–455. doi: 10.1159/000511225. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: For people with dementia, lived time is important to understand, as the condition affects memory, perceptions of time, and life expectancy. The aim of this study was to locate, interpret, and synthesize the experience of lived time for people with dementia. Method: This article presents a qualitative systematic meta-synthesis. The theoretical framework of lifeworlds by van Manen provided the context for the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria for qualitative studies were used to appraise the studies. Sixty-one qualitative research studies based on interviews with people with dementia were included in the review. The analysis followed the principles of interpretive synthesis. Results: Four categories were revealed: (1) rooted in the past – “I am the same as before”; (2) focussing on the present – “Nobody has tomorrow”; (3) thinking about the future – “What is going to happen to me?”; and (4) changes in the experience of self over time – “I used to….” The latent overall meaning was expressed as “being engaged with the dimensions of time.” Discussion/Conclusion: The experience of lived time is an active and important one, enabling people to manage the dementia journey. Future work involving people with dementia should foreground the experience of lived time.

• Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken; Eriksen, Siren & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). I need to be who I am : a qualitative interview study exploring the needs of people with dementia in Norway. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 10(8), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035886. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective Many people with dementia receive community services. These services are often based on the needs of informal caregivers and professional caregivers’ assessment. User involvement and participation are main objectives in the Norwegian National Dementia Plan 2020. To enhance user involvement and individual tailoring of healthcare services, more information is required about the needs of people with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the experienced needs of people with dementia in order to facilitate user involvement in provided services. Methods An explorative cross-sectional study design was used. We performed semistructured interviews with people with dementia who were recruited from all regions of Norway. The sample comprised 35 participants diagnosed with dementia. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and the data material was analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Results Three main categories emerged from the interviews: (1) to stay connected; (2) to be active and participate; and (3) to live for the moment. The overarching theme was: the need to be who I am. Conclusions People with dementia participating in the study were heterogeneous regarding wants and requirements. Most of them expressed the need and wish to hold on to who they are. Close and robust relations with family and friends can give significant support to people with dementia. However, living with dementia might put considerable strain on relations. Services should provide support to enhance relationships, encourage existing networks to remain stable and facilitate participation in meaningful activities for people living with dementia.

• Røsvik, Janne-Kathrin & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). What are the needs of people with dementia in acute hospital settings, and what interventions are made to meet these needs? : a systematic integrative review of the literature. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 20, p. 1–20. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05618-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Research aiming to improve the hospital experience for patients with dementia and their informal carers is strongly recommended. The present review aimed to describe the research on interventions to meet the needs of people with dementia in acute hospital settings regarding physical environment, organization of care, and staff knowledge of dementia and competence in person-centred care. An integrative review design was applied. We searched for studies in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Swemed+, and Cochrane databases using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for quality evaluation. Twenty-seven articles were included, describing the perspectives of people with dementia, informal carers, and professional carers. The MMAT score ranged from two to four. Twelve studies described needs and experiences, mostly using a qualitative design. Common themes and results were synthesized. The studies identified a need to enhance staff competence regarding dementia and person-centred care. Fifteen studies described interventions: two were qualitative; three used mixed method, and 10 were quantitative, of which two were randomized controlled trials and eight were observational studies. Five types of interventions were identified. Three types could positively impact staff knowledge about dementia and person-centred care. One type was experienced as positive regarding organisation of care for patients with dementia. None of the intervention studies found evidence for effects on the identified needs regarding physical environment. Conclusion: The included studies suggest that staff need more knowledge regarding dementia and person-centred dementia care and that training interventions implemented to enhance staff competence had promising results. However, there is a need for research on the needs of patients with dementia in acute hospital settings regarding physical environment and effect of design elements. There is also a scarcity of intervention studies focusing on the effect of models of care that support the psychosocial needs of patients with dementia. Keywords: dementia, acute hospital, needs, interventions, person-centred care, training, organisation, physical environment

• Strøm, Benedicte Sørensen; Engedal, Knut & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Engagement in everyday activities among people living in Indian nursing homes : the association with person-centredness. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. ISSN 1664-5464. 10(1), p. 13–26. doi: 10.1159/000505396. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: It has been reported that residents living in nursing homes are often inactive and lonely and are offered a limited number of activities. However, high engagement in activities has been reported to improve residents’ quality of life and engagement in personalized activities can even reduce agitation and enhance positive mood. Information regarding occupational patterns and purpose in life is well established in Western countries. However, we know next to nothing about how people living in Indian nursing homes spend their days. Objective: To explore the participation in everyday activities among older people in Indian nursing homes and the extent to which engagement in activities is associated with personcentred care. Methods: The study was conducted in 6 nursing homes in India, comprising 147 residents. In all, 23 nursing staff took part and completed a 26-item questionnaire about resident activities based on the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale and the Person- Directed Care Questionnaire. Person-centredness was measured with the Person-Centred Care Assessment Tool. Results: We found low participation in everyday activities among the residents. Participation in religious activities was the most frequent, whereas the least used activities were excursions, participating in cultural activities, taking part in educational programmes, visiting a restaurant and going to the cinema. A significant positive association was found between person-centred care and participation in religious activities, engagement in an activity programme and physical activity. Conclusions: The most frequently attended activity was religious activities. Person-centred care was associated with participation in religious activities, engagement in an activity programme, physical activity, spending time in the garden and playing and listening to music. Keywords: everyday activities, person-centred care, nursing home, India

• Tretteteig, Signe; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Thorsen, Kirsten (2019). Pårørendes erfaringer av kvalitet i helse- og omsorgstjenester til personer med demens og pårørende. En longitudinell narrativ studie. Tidsskriftet aldring og helse. ISSN 1890-4130. 23(4), p. 56–64. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Det har de siste årene vært en stor satsing på å utvikle og styrke demensomsorgen i Norge. Ett av målene er at personer med demens og pårørende skal få dekket sine individuelle behov ved tjenester preget av høy kvalitet, fleksibilitet og individuell tilrettelegging. Hensikt: Studiens hensikt var å få økt kunnskap om pårørendes opplevelser av helse- og omsorgstjenester til personer med demens og pårørende over tid. Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt longitudinelt casestudiedesign. Data er samlet inn gjennom tre omganger over en to-års periode, med narrative dybdeintervjuer med fem pårørende; tre ektefeller og to voksne barn. Hovedfunn: Pårørende opplevde at dagaktivitetstilbudene hadde høy kvalitet og ga god avlastning, mens avlastnings- og langtidsopphold i sykehjem hadde forbedringspotensiale knyttet til kvalitet, fleksibilitet og individuell tilrettelegging. Deltakelse på pårørendeskoler opplevdes ulikt. Hjemmesykepleie ga de voksne barna i studien trygghet og opplevelse av delt ansvar, men opplevdes som utilstrekkelig og lite individuelt tilpasset for ektefeller, særlig ved alvorlig demens. Konklusjon: Pårørendes behov for og opplevelse av helse- og omsorgstjenester er varierende. Pårørende kan oppleve at dagaktivitetstilbudet i høy grad dekker deres behov, mens pårørendeskoler, hjemmesykepleie, avlastnings- og langtidsopphold i sykehjem kan være mindre fleksible og mindre tilpasset individuelle behov hos personen med demens og/eller pårørende. Nøkkelord: demens, pårørendeomsorg, helse- og omsorgstjenester.

• Halse, Ingeborg; Björklöf, Guro Hanevold; Engedal, Knut; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Persson, Karin Ester Torun & Eldholm, Rannveig Sakshaug [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Applicability of the locus of control of behaviour scale for people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 24(12), p. 2111–2116. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1652244. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To investigate the applicability of the Locus of Control of Behaviour scale (LoCB) for people with dementia. Method: A sample of 534 participants with dementia (78.4 mean age, 58% female) were included. Assessment included the LoCB, the Montgomery–Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Mini-Mental Status Examination Norwegian revised (MMSE-NR) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (I-ADL). Completion percentages and internal reliability of LoCB were examined for predefined MMSE-NR groups (0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, 25–27, and 28–30). Factors associated with completion were analysed, and a principal component analysis (PCA) of the LoCB was performed. Sum score and component subscale scores were compared to MADRS and MMSE-NR scores. Results: In total, 234 participants completed the LoCB. Completion percentages ranged from 74% (MMSE-NR 28–30) to 0% (MMSE-NR 0–9). Internal reliability was between 0.80 and 0.72 in groups with MMSE-NR > 9, except in MMSE-NR 20–24 (0.52). Age, MMSE-NR and education were associated with completion. The PCA yielded three components – powerful others, internal, and luck/fate – with explained variance of 41.3%. Participants with MADRS > 7 scored higher on the LoCB sum score, powerful others and internal subscale scores. No difference was found regarding the luck/fate subscale score. MMSE-NR did not affect LoCB scores. Conclusion: Older age, less education, and more cognitive impairment decreased the likelihood of completion. However, psychometric test results indicate that those who completed the LoCB understood the questions, even with severe cognitive impairment. We conclude, therefore, that the LoCB is applicable for investigating control orientation among people with dementia. Keywords: dementia, depression, locus of control, psychotherapeutic interventions

• Vossius, Corinna Elisabeth; Selbæk, Geir; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Wimo, A.; Engedal, Knut & Kirkevold, Øyvind [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Cost analysis of day care centres in Norway. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14(8), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219568. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Day care services aim to offer meaningful activities and a safe environment for the attendees and a respite for family caregivers while being cost effective. This study compares the use of formal and informal care in users and non-users of day care centres designed for persons with dementia. Method: Users of day care designed for dementia (DC group) and non-users (NDC group) were followed over a period of 24 months or until nursing home admission (NHA) respectively death. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. The use of care was recorded by Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD). Results: A total of 257 persons with dementia participated in the study, 181 in the DC group and 76 in the NDC group. Users of day care centres cause higher costs due to the expenses for day care, while neither the use of home nursing, secondary care, informal care nor the time until NHA did show any differences between users and non-users. The overall costs were higher in the DC group at baseline and after 12 months, but this difference was no longer present at the end of the two-year study period. Conclusion: Our results indicate no potential cost-saving effect of day care designed for people with dementia, as the use of day care did neither result in a reduced use of care nor in a delay of NHA. Future research should balance the non-monetary benefits of day care against its costs for a full cost-effectiveness analysis, most favourable in a RCT-design.

• Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Lund, Anne & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2019). Facilitation of activities for people with dementia in day care : a qualitative study exploring the experiences of staff. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 12, p. 503–513. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S198024. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Day care service (day care) is recommended as an activity service for home-dwelling people with dementia in Norway. However, there is limited knowledge about strategies to promote engagement and participation in activities at day care. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the staff’s experiences on how to enhance engagement and participation in activities for attendees. Methods: The study has a qualitative design, using group interviews with staff and field observations at day care designed for people with dementia. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze interviews, and the findings from the observations were used to illuminate the findings in the interviews. Three group interviews including a total of 10 staff participants were conducted. Additionally, 35 attendees were observed during 2 days of field observations at each day care. Results: The main theme that emerged from the analysis was the staff’s primary objective to make meaningful days for the attendees. To achieve this, the importance of having individual knowledge about the attendees to enhance relationships, creating a balanced group composition, personal competence and skills of the staff, and the importance of using activities in different ways, was highlighted. Most findings from the field observations coincide with those in the interviews. However, the observations revealed that the staff seemed to have insufficient knowledge of offering individual tailored and structured meaningful activities to the attendees. There is a potential of including the attendees even more in the ongoing activities. Conclusion: Staff play an important role in promoting and facilitating activities to increase engagement and participation in activities. There is a potential for greater structured use of activities and cognitive stimulation. To avoid occupational injustice and the risk of decreased health and well-being among home-dwelling people with dementia, more differentiated and individual tailored services are needed.

• Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Myhre, Janne; Selbæk, Geir; Kirkevold, Øyvind; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Saltyte Benth, Jurate [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). TIME to reduce agitation in persons with dementia in nursing homes : a process evaluation of a complex intervention. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 19, p. 1–16. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4168-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The Targeted Intervention Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) has recently in a three-month cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated reduction in agitation in nursing home residents with dementia. To ease replication and future implementation, and to clarify possible causal mechanisms, we performed a process evaluation of the intervention based on the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance). Methods: An exploratory and a quasi-experimental design with mixed methods were used. The RE-AIM dimensions were explored by questionnaires to 807 staff members and 46 leading ward nurses in both the intervention nursing homes (INH) and the control nursing homes (CNH), before the start of the trial (baseline), and six and 12 months later. These questionnaires assessed data regarding the reach, effectiveness (staff level) and adoption dimensions. To assess implementation, we used a checklist for performance of the main components in TIME and analysed the minutes from 84 case conferences in the INH. To explore adoption and maintenance, five focus group interviews with 32 participants from the staff in the INH were conducted three to 6 months after the end of the trial. Results: Reach: On average 61% (SD 22) of the staff in each ward in the INH attended the training sessions. Effectiveness at staff level: There were no between-group differences throughout the study period for attitudes towards dementia, perceived competence or perception of mastery and social interaction. Adoption: 16 of the 17 INH completed the intervention. Implementation: 75% or more of the components of TIME were performed for 91% of the included residents. Maintenance: Most of the nursing homes used TIME three to 6 months after the end of the trial. An easy to grasp model and an engaged leadership facilitated the intervention and maintenance. Conclusions: A high degree of reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance contributed to the effectiveness of TIME at resident level. One other causal assumption of the effectiveness of TIME is the development in the staff of a new, shared and situated knowledge about each individual resident, not reflected by measurements in general knowledge and attitudes.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; McCabe, Louise; Robertson, Jane; Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Tretteteig, Signe & Vatne, Solfrid (2019). Day Care for People with Dementia: A Qualitative Study Comparing Experiences from Norway and Scotland. Dementia. ISSN 1471-3012. 18(4), p. 1393–1409. doi: 10.1177/1471301217712796. Show summary

  Potential benefits from day care attendance are reported in the literature for both people with dementia and caregivers, although the evidence-base is limited. The study aimed to explore and compare experiences of day care services for people with dementia as described by day care attendees and their caregivers in Norway and Scotland. Whereas day care receives prominence in Norway’s national dementia plan, Scotland does not highlight day care in its national dementia strategy. A qualitative cross-national comparative study was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 people with dementia and 17 caregivers in Norway, and 19 people with dementia and 15 caregivers in Scotland. Data were analyzed thematically and comparatively to explore the experiences and outcomes of the participants. Findings indicate positive outcomes from day care for both people with dementia and caregivers. Satisfaction with services related to meaningful activities, getting out of the home, strengthening social connections and careful staff facilitation to create a positive and welcoming atmosphere. There were strong similarities in the content of services and experiences reported in the two countries. Some minor differences were noted, with caregiver support being an area of notable divergence in experiences. Specialist day care for people with dementia seems to provide important support and positive outcomes for people with dementia, and respite and reassurance for their caregivers.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Engedal, Knut; Kirkevold, Øyvind; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Selbæk, Geir (2018). The impact of attending day care designed for home-dwelling people with dementia on nursing home admission : a 24-month controlled study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 18, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3686-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Day care services offer meaningful activities, a safe environment for attendees and respite for family caregivers while being expected to delay the need for nursing home (NH) admission. However, previous research has shown inconsistent results regarding postponement of NH admission. The objective of the study was to explore the influence of a day care programme designed for home-dwelling people with dementia on NH admission. Method: A quasi-experimental trial explored the proportion of patients permanently admitted to nursing homes after 24 months as the main outcome by comparing a group of day care attendees (DG) and a group of participants without day care (CG). In all, 257 participants were included (181 in DG and 76 in CG). A logistic regression model was developed with NH admission as the outcome. Participant group (DG or CG) was the main predictor, baseline patient and family caregiver characteristics and interactions were used as covariates. Results: The mean age of participants was 81.5 (SD 6.4), 65% were women and 53% lived alone. The mean MMSE score was 20.4 (SD 3.5). In all, 128 (50%) of the participants were admitted to a nursing home by the 24-month follow-up, 63 participants (25%) completed the follow-up assessment and 66 (26%) dropped out due to death (8%) and other reasons (18%). In the logistic unadjusted regression model for NH admission after 24 months, participant group (DG or CG) was not found to be a significant predictor of NH admission. The results from the adjusted model revealed that the participant group was associated with NH admission through the interactions with age, living conditions, affective symptoms, sleep symptoms and practical functioning, showing a higher probability for NH admission in DG compared to CG. Conclusion: The study reveals no evidence to confirm that day care services designed for people with dementia postpone the need for NH admission. Admission to nursing homes seems to be based on a complex mix of personal and functional characteristics both in the person with dementia and the family caregivers. The findings should be considered in accordance with the limitation of inadequate power and the high drop-out rate. Trial registration: The study is registered in Clinical Trials (NCT01943071). Keywords: dementia, day care, nursing home admission

• Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Myhre, Janne; Goyal, Alka Rani; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Selbæk, Geir & Kirkevold, Øyvind [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Experiences of nursing home staff using the targeted interdisciplinary model for evaluation and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (TIME) : a qualitative study. Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 23(8), p. 966–975. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1464116. Show summary

  Background/Aims: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia pose great challenges for residents and staff in nursing homes. The Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) has recently in a randomized controlled trial demonstrated reductions in NPS. We explored the participating staff's experiences with the model and how it meets the challenges when dealing with the complexity of NPS. Methods: Three to six months after the end of the intervention, we interviewed 32 of the caregivers, leaders, and physicians participating in the trial, in five focus groups. We used thematic content analysis. Results: The analysis yielded two main themes: (1) a systematic reflection method enhanced learning at work; (2) the structure of the approach helped staff to cope with NPS in residents with dementia. Conclusion: TIME shifts the way of learning for the staff from a traditional to a more innovative and reflection-based learning through a process of learning how to learn at work. The staff's experienced increased coping in their approach to complex problems. Our results emphasise the importance of a structured and biopsychosocial approach to NPS in clinical practice. Future research should explore models for integrating situated learning in daily routines in nursing homes. Keywords: neuropsychiatric symptoms, agitation, dementia, case conference, psychosocial intervention, nursing home

• Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Lund, Anne & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Experiences of attending day care services designed for people with dementia?a qualitative study with individual interviews. Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 22(6), p. 764–772. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1304892. Show summary

  Objectives: Day care is assumed to promote independence in home-dwelling people with dementia, increase well-being and enhance social stimulation. Few studies have directly engaged people with dementia to better understand the benefits and impacts of such services. The aim of this study was to explore attendees’ experiences with day care designed for people with dementia. Method: This study had a qualitative descriptive design and included individual interviews with 17 users attending day care. The analysis was undertaken using content analyses. Results: The participants reported that day care had a positive influence on their physical functioning, cognition, well-being, and situation at home because they were provided with social stimulation, meals, and activities. Day care contributed to the maintenance of a rhythm and structure in everyday life. Furthermore, the staff contributed to making the day care a safe place to be and enhanced a sense of belonging. Conclusion: This study reveals the positive impact of day care on the daily lives of people with dementia because this service contributes to the enhancement of activities and social support, prevents isolation, and enhances practical and cognitive functioning as experienced by the users. The staff has a major impact on the experience of the participants in the day care. Keywords: day care service, dementia, experiences, activities, quality of life

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• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Anvik, Cecilie Høj & Ødegård, Atle (2023). Sykehjemmet : hjem, helseinstitusjon og arbeidsplass. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245033137. 232 p. Show summary

  Sykehjemmet er en kompleks institusjon, og skal dekke mange behov og funksjoner. Utfordringene knyttet til mennesker i en livsfase hvor de trenger avansert helsehjelp, omsorg og andre forhold, er mange og sammensatte. Nettopp derfor er det er viktig å beskrive og forstå sykehjem med forskjellige faglige blikk, som får fram ulike aspekter og dimensjoner ved sykehjemmet. Forfatterne ønsker å bidra til en bred forståelse både av hva et sykehjem er, og hvilke utfordringer sektoren står overfor. Boka er en tverrfaglig vitenskapelig antologi. De fagfellevurderte kapitlene viser et mangfold av faglige perspektiver som gir innspill til hvordan vi kan planlegge for fremtidige behov og kompetanse, og utvikle sykehjemmet i tråd med disse. Et felles mål for boken er å gi et kunnskapsgrunnlag som kan bidra til å skape best mulig tjenestekvalitet i sykehjem. Dette er viktig både for de som skal bo i sykehjem, for pårørende og for de ansatte. Målgruppen for boka er profesjonelle utøvere innen helse- og sosialfagene, herunder alle som arbeider i sykehjem og studenter. Undervisningspersonell i universiteter og høgskoler, ansatte i administrasjon og ledelse, samt pårørende vil også kunne finne boka interessant. Anne Marie Mork Rokstad er professor ved Høgskolen i Molde og seniorforsker ved Nasjonalt senter for aldring og helse. Hun er utdannet psykiatrisk sykepleier med klinisk erfaring fra alderspsykiatri og har en doktorgrad på temaet implementering av personsentrert omsorg i sykehjem. Videre forskning har blant annet vært knyttet til dagaktivitetstilbud, forebygging av risikofaktorer for kognitiv svikt og behov hos personer med demens. Cecilie Høj Anvik er professor i velferdssosiologi ved Nord universitet. Hennes forskningsfelt er utsatte grupper og tjenester innenfor velferdsstaten, med særlig tematisk innretning mot institusjonsbasert eldreomsorg, unge i sårbare livssituasjoner og funksjonshemning. Anvik har en doktorgrad i sosialantropologi fra NTNU. Atle Ødegård er psykologspesialist i Helse Møre og Romsdal HF (Avdeling for Spesialisert habilitering) og professor ved Høgskolen i Molde. Forskningsinteressene hans er tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i praksis og utdanning, samt utvikling av ny forskningsmetodikk innenfor disse feltene. Han er tilknyttet Helseinnovasjonssenteret i Kristiansund og har også en professor II-stilling ved Nordlandsforskning der han har spesielt fokus på innovasjon i offentlig sektor.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Se hvem jeg er! : personsentrert omsorg ved demens. 2. utgave. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-15-03585-7. 125 p.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (2020). Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-02-59107-6. 371 p. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

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• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). Person-Centered Dementia Care in Norway: Strategies, Research and Implementation. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. ISSN 2043-7730. doi: 10.5750/ijpcm.v12i2.1115.
• Kjelvik, Grete; Selbæk, Geir & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). The knowledge and motivation to adopt health behaviour to reduce dementia risk among elderly citizens in Norway- A qualitative study.
• Lund, Anne; Engedal, Knut; Kirkevold, Øyvind; Selbæk, Geir; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2023). Self-reported quality of life in people with dementia attending a day care program: a 24-month follow-up.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Anvik, Cecilie Høj & Ødegård, Atle (2023). Sykehjemmet som institusjon og hverdagsliv. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Anvik, Cecilie Høj & Ødegård, Atle (Ed.), Sykehjemmet : hjem, helseinstitusjon og arbeidsplass. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245033137. p. 21–28. Show summary

  Sykehjemmet er en kompleks institusjon, og skal dekke mange behov og funksjoner. Utfordringene knyttet til mennesker i en livsfase hvor de trenger avansert helsehjelp, omsorg og andre forhold, er mange og sammensatte. Nettopp derfor er det er viktig å beskrive og forstå sykehjem med forskjellige faglige blikk, som får fram ulike aspekter og dimensjoner ved sykehjemmet. Forfatterne ønsker å bidra til en bred forståelse både av hva et sykehjem er, og hvilke utfordringer sektoren står overfor. Boka er en tverrfaglig vitenskapelig antologi. De fagfellevurderte kapitlene viser et mangfold av faglige perspektiver som gir innspill til hvordan vi kan planlegge for fremtidige behov og kompetanse, og utvikle sykehjemmet i tråd med disse. Et felles mål for boken er å gi et kunnskapsgrunnlag som kan bidra til å skape best mulig tjenestekvalitet i sykehjem. Dette er viktig både for de som skal bo i sykehjem, for pårørende og for de ansatte. Målgruppen for boka er profesjonelle utøvere innen helse- og sosialfagene, herunder alle som arbeider i sykehjem og studenter. Undervisningspersonell i universiteter og høgskoler, ansatte i administrasjon og ledelse, samt pårørende vil også kunne finne boka interessant. Anne Marie Mork Rokstad er professor ved Høgskolen i Molde og seniorforsker ved Nasjonalt senter for aldring og helse. Hun er utdannet psykiatrisk sykepleier med klinisk erfaring fra alderspsykiatri og har en doktorgrad på temaet implementering av personsentrert omsorg i sykehjem. Videre forskning har blant annet vært knyttet til dagaktivitetstilbud, forebygging av risikofaktorer for kognitiv svikt og behov hos personer med demens. Cecilie Høj Anvik er professor i velferdssosiologi ved Nord universitet. Hennes forskningsfelt er utsatte grupper og tjenester innenfor velferdsstaten, med særlig tematisk innretning mot institusjonsbasert eldreomsorg, unge i sårbare livssituasjoner og funksjonshemning. Anvik har en doktorgrad i sosialantropologi fra NTNU. Atle Ødegård er psykologspesialist i Helse Møre og Romsdal HF (Avdeling for Spesialisert habilitering) og professor ved Høgskolen i Molde. Forskningsinteressene hans er tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i praksis og utdanning, samt utvikling av ny forskningsmetodikk innenfor disse feltene. Han er tilknyttet Helseinnovasjonssenteret i Kristiansund og har også en professor II-stilling ved Nordlandsforskning der han har spesielt fokus på innovasjon i offentlig sektor.

• Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Bergh, Sverre & Selbæk, Geir (2022). The impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on older adults’ health, including people with cognitive impairment and dementia, A HUNT study.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Røsvik, Janne; Fossberg, Marit & Eriksen, Siren (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia – a qualitative study. Show summary

  Background: Worldwide, restrictive measures have been taken to manage the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and self-isolation have considerably affected the lives of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. The purpose of the study was to explore the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia in Norway. Methods: The study had a qualitative descriptive design using individual telephone interviews for data collection. A total sample of 17 spouses of people with dementia were included, 14 women and three men aged 52 to 82 years. A qualitative content analysis following six steps inspired by Graneheim and Lundman was used to identify the categories presented. Results: The participants emphasized four main perspectives: 1) Radical changes in available services, 2) Restrictions changed everyday life, 3) Impacts on health and well-being, and 4) Actions that made life easier. The participants also described how positive activities and easily accessible services helped them in this situation. Conclusions: The governmental restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in radical changes in available services with severe consequences for the lives and well-being of home-dwelling people with dementia and their spouses. Examples of coping strategies and possible psychosocial interventions compatible with virus precautions were identified. The potential of such interventions should be further explored to meet the needs of vulnerable groups in situations like a pandemic.

• Hoel, Kari Anne; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Væringstad, Anette; Feiring, Ingvild Hjorth; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Selbæk, Geir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Correction: Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) in home care services: a cluster randomized feasibility trial (BMC Health Services Research, (2022), 22, 1, (415), 10.1186/s12913-022-07830-9). BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08308-4.
• Hoel, Kari Anne; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Feiring, Ingvild Hjorth; Lichtwarck, Bjørn; Selbæk, Geir & Bergh, Sverre (2022). Correction: Person-centered dementia care in home care services – highly recommended but still challenging to obtain: a qualitative interview study (BMC Health Services Research, (2021), 21, 1, (723), 10.1186/s12913-021-06722-8). BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08312-8.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2022). The needs of people with dementia and how to meet them - facilitating user-involvement and tailored services.
• Johnsen, Ole Johnny; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Grønnevik, Reiulf (2022). Gråt av glede da han så maleriet sitt på veggen. [Newspaper]. Altaposten.
• Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken; Tangen, Gro Gujord; Eriksen, Siren & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Fun and meaningful routine - the experience of physical activity in people with dementia.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Tiltak for pårørende.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Anbefalte miljøbehandlingstiltak.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Personsentrert omsorg og behandling ved demens .
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). Day care for people with dementia in Norway.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2021). The impact of the pandemic on people with dementia living at home and their family caregivers - summary of findings from qualitative interviews.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Hveem, Petter (2021). Slik kan vi få et gunstigere dagtilbud til personer med demens i Norge. [Internet]. www.aldringoghelse.no.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Hveem, Petter (2021). Personer med demens bør komme raskt i gang med dagaktiviteter. [Internet]. forskning.no.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Ny studie om demenssyke - Slik vil vi leve. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Utfordrende atferd. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (Ed.), Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-59107-6. p. 196–217. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Miljøbehandling. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (Ed.), Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-59107-6. p. 165–192. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Utredning og diagnostikk. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (Ed.), Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-59107-6. p. 72–85. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Personsentrert omsorg. In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (Ed.), Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-59107-6. p. 51–70. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Hva er demens? . In Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Smebye, Kari Lislerud (Ed.), Personer med demens - Møte og samhandling 2.utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-02-59107-6. p. 23–48. Show summary

  Kunnskapsutvikling er et viktig satsningsområde innenfor demensomsorgen. Det er slått fast både i lovverk, stortingsmelding og i nasjonale retningslinjer og planer som omhandler omsorg for personer med demens. denne boken er skrevet som et bidrag til utvikling av kompetanse. I boken understrekes betydningen av en kunnskapsbasert praksis og en personsentrert tilnærming i omsorgen for personer med demens. Det er lagt vekt på å søke å forstå hvordan det er å leve med demens, og utfordringer og behovsendringer gjennom sykdomsfasene og ved ulike former for demens er belyst. Demens hos yngre personer og hos personer med utviklingshemning er viet egne kapitler. Blant sentrale tema er kommunikasjon, utfordrende atferd, miljøbehandling, selvbestemmelse, bruk av tvang. lindrende behandling og samarbeid med pårørende.

• Selbæk, Geir; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Skaug, Therese Doksheim (2020). Slik forebygger du demens i ulik alder. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
• Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Lund, Anne & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2019). Facilitation of activities for people with dementia in day care: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of staff.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Øvereng, Allan Rune; Strandli, Elin Aarø; Telenius, Elisabeth Wiken; Eriksen, Siren & Björklöf, Guro Hanevold [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). The needs of people with dementia as experienced by health care providers.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Lichtwarck, Bjørn & Væringstad, Anette (2019). Nevropsykiatriske symptomer og atferd som utfordrer - forståelse og tilnærming. In Krohne, Kariann (Eds.), Demensomsorgens ABC. perm 2. Aldring og helse. ISSN 978-82-8061-411-7.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Øvereng, Allan Rune (2019). Personsentrert omsorg - fordypning. In Krohne, Kariann (Eds.), Demensomsorgens ABC. perm 2. Aldring og helse. ISSN 978-82-8061-411-7.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Personsentrert omsorg som verdigrunnlag i møte med personer med demens. In Krohne, Kariann (Eds.), Demensomsorgens ABC. Perm 1. Forlaget aldring og helse. ISSN 9788280613998.
• Røsvik, Janne-Kathrin & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Demensvennlige sykehus. Foreløpige resultater fra en integrativ literaturstudie.
• Røsvik, Janne-Kathrin & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Care for people with dementia in hospitals. A protocol for a literature review.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Røsvik, Janne (2018). Personsentrert omsorg. In Engedal, Knut & Haugen, Per Kristian (Ed.), Demens - sykdommer, diagnostikk og behandling. Forlaget aldring og helse - akademisk. ISSN 9788280613394. p. 300–313.
• Strandenæs, Margit Gausdal; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Lund, Anne (2018). “I’m having a good time here” Experiences of attending day care services designed for people with dementia - a qualitative study with individual interviews .
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Selbæk, Geir; Kirkevold, Øyvind; Benth, Jūratė Šaltytė & Engedal, Knut (2018). The impact of attending a day care centre designed for people with dementia on nursing home admission .
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Effekt av tilrettelagte dagtilbud.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). The influence of attending a day care centre designed for people with dementia.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Dagtilbud og sammenhengen med livskvalitet og utsettelse av sykehjemsinnleggelse.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). El VIPS i el DCM, estrategies de lideratge.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Å leve med demens.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Personsentrert omsorg - et verdigrunnlag som styrker personverdet og ivaretar menneskerettigheter for personer med demens.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Nasjonal fagleg retningslinje om demens.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Dagtilbud tilrettelagt for personer med demens - gevinst for pasient, pårørende og økonomien.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Demensvenleg sjukehus.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Personsentrert demensomsorg.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Effekt af dag og aktivitetstilbud - inspirasjon fra Norge.
• Nygård, Linda Anette Kornstad; Mundal, Ingunn Pernille; Dahl, Lisbeth; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2018). Nutrition and physical performance in older people—effects of marine protein hydrolysates to prevent decline in physical performance : a randomised controlled trial protocol . BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 8(10), p. 1–7. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023845. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function (sarcopenia) leads to a decline in physical performance, loss of independence and reduced quality of life. Nutritional supplements may delay the progression of sarcopenia. The aim of this randomised, double-blinded controlled trial including 100 participants (≥65 years) is to assess the effect of a marine protein hydrolysate (MPH) on sarcopenia-related outcomes like hand grip strength, physical performance or gait speed and to study the associations between physical performance and nutritional intake and status. Method and analysis: The intervention group (n=50) will receive 3 g of MPH per day in 12 months. The control group (n=50) receive placebo. Assessments of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), hand grip strength, anthropometric measurements, nutritional status as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment, dietary intake, supplement use, biomarkers of protein nutrition and vitamin D, and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), will be performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of intervention. Linear mixed models will be estimated to assess the effect of MPH on SPPB, hand grip strength and quality of life, as well as associations between physical performance and nutrition. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Regional Committee in Ethics in Medical Research in Mid-Norway in September 2016 with the registration ID 2016/1152. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media, broadcast media and print media.

• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Kommunikasjon med mennesker som har en demenssykdom.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Kommunikasjon med mennesker som har en demenssykdom.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Kommunikasjon med mennesker som har en demenssykdom.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Dagtilbud for eldre med demens – positivt innhold og struktur på hverdagen.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Å finne mening i pårørenderollen – hvordan kan personalet bidra?
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2017). Å møte mennesker med demens – hvordan kan vi kommunisere?
• Kjelvik, Grete; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork & Selbæk, Geir (2023). Dette motiverer oss til en livsstil som gir god helse i eldre år [Kronikk]. Forskning.no. Show summary

  Gode opplevelser, frykt for ikke å klare seg selv, eller ønske om å kunne bo hjemme, motiverer eldre til å gjøre valg i hverdagen, som kan forebygge demens eller andre helseutfordringer i alderdommen, viser ny studie fra Nasjonalt senter for aldring og helse

• Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Eriksen, Siren ; Björklöf, Guro Hanevold; Tveito, Marit & Bergh, Sverre [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Sosial isolasjon blant eldre under koronapandemien. Rapport helsedirektoratet. Aldring og helse. ISSN 978-82-8061-791-0.
• Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork (2020). Behov hos personer med demens - Et kunnskapsgrunnlag for Demensplan 2020. Aldring og helse. ISSN 978-82-8061-616-6.

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