Anne-Sofie Furberg

• Jenssen, Marita; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Jorde, Rolf; Wilsgaard, Tom & Danielsen, Kjersti (2024). The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and psoriasis in a large population-based cohort: a cross-sectional analysis of The Tromsø Study 2015–16. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 190(5), p. 680–688. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad472.
• Norström, Madelaine; Slettemeås, Jannice Schau; Urdahl, Anne Margrete; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2023). Evaluation of the One Health-ness of 20 years of antimicrobial surveillance in Norway. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Helgesen, Kari Marie Olli & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-VET 2022, Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/Veterinærinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307.
• Averina, Maria; Huber, Sandra; Almås, Bjørg; Brox, Jan; Jacobsen, Bjarne K. & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Early menarche and other endocrine disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adolescents from Northern Norway. The Fit Futures study. Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 242. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117703. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and include recognized persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible endocrine disrupting effects of different PFAS in adolescents. Methods: Serum concentrations of PFAS, thyroid, parathyroid and steroid hormones were measured in 921 adolescents aged 15–19 years in the Fit Futures study, Northern Norway. The questionnaire included data on self-reported age at menarche and puberty development score (PDS). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses and principle component analyses (PCA) were used to assess associations of PFAS with hormones concentrations and puberty indices. Results: In girls, total PFAS (∑PFAS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) were positively associated with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and negatively associated with 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC)/DHEAS ratio. In boys, the associations with 11-DOC/DHEAS ratio were positive for ∑PFAS, perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), PFOA, and PFOS. Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was negatively associated with free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) in boys. PFNA and PFDA were also negatively associated with fT3 in boys. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH) was negatively associated with ∑PFAS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in girls, and with PFOS in boys. PFDA and PFUnDA were positively associated with early menarche, while ∑PFAS and PFOA were positively associated with PDS in boys. No associations of PFAS with serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or luteinizing hormone were found in either sex. In girls, PFOA was positively associated with free testosterone index (FTI). In boys, PFOA was positively associated with androstendione and 17-OH-progesterone, while PFHpA was positively associated with estradiol. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of several PFAS were associated with parathyroid and steroid hormones in both sexes, and with thyroid hormones in boys, as well as with early menarche in girls and higher PDS in boys.

• Norström, Madelaine; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Slettemeås, Jannice Schau; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (2023). Evaluation of the One Health-Ness of 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Norway. Antibiotics. ISSN 2079-6382. 12(7). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12071080. Full text in Research Archive
• Jenssen, Marita; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Jorde, Rolf; Wilsgaard, Tom & Danielsen, Kjersti (2023). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis severity in patients with lower-range serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA dermatology. ISSN 2168-6068. 159(5), p. 518–525. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.0357. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Importance: Topical vitamin D analogues are routine treatment for psoriasis, but the effect of oral supplementation has not been established. Objective To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis severity throughout the winter. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 2 parallel groups was performed through 2 winter seasons (2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019). Randomization was computer generated. All participants, health care clinicians, and outcome assessors were masked to group assignment. Each participant was followed for 4 months. The presented analyses were conducted in May 2022. The trial was conducted at the clinical research unit of the University Hospital of North Norway (Tromsø; Norway). Adults from the general population in Tromsø with active plaque psoriasis and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels of less than 24 ng/mL (to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496) were included. Intervention Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 100 000 IU, loading dose, followed by 20 000 IU/week) or placebo for 4 months. Main outcomes and Measures: Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) (primary outcome), Physician Global Assessment, self-administered PASI, and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores (secondary outcomes). Results: A total of 122 participants (46 women [37.7%]; mean [SD] age, 53.6 [10.0] years; mean [SD] PASI score, 3.1 [2.0]; mean [SD] serum 25(OH)D, 14.9 [3.9] ng/mL) were included. Of these, 60 (49.2%) were randomized to the vitamin D group and 62 (50.8%) to the placebo group. A total of 120 participants (59 vitamin D [49.2%]/61 placebo [51.8%]) completed the study. By completion, mean (SD) 25(OH)D levels were 29.7 (5.2) ng/mL (vitamin D) and 12.0 (3.8) ng/mL (placebo). There was no significant difference in change in PASI score between the groups (adjusted difference, 0.11; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.45). There was no significant difference in change in Physician Global Assessment score (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.27-1.63), self-administered PASI (adjusted difference, −0.60; 95% CI, −1.76 to 0.55) or Dermatology Life Quality Index (adjusted difference, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.9 to 0.19) between the groups. No adverse effects of the intervention were registered. Conclusion and Relevance: The results of this randomized clinical trial showed that vitamin D supplementation did not affect psoriasis severity. Low baseline severity scores may explain the lack of measurable effect. Levels of 25(OH)D in the intervention group increased to a less-than-expected degree based on previous experimental data from the same source population, and this may have affected the results.

• Linkas, Jonas; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Csifcsak, Gabor; Emaus, Nina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Pettersen, Gunn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Two-year changes in sleep duration are associated with changes in psychological distress in adolescent girls and boys: the fit futures study. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine. ISSN 2164-2850. 10(1), p. 1159–1175. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2147936. Full text in Research Archive
• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Ericson, Johanna U [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general male population. Epidemiology and Infection. ISSN 0950-2688. 150, p. 1–4. doi: 10.1017/S0950268822000735. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Male sex is associated with higher risk of both colonisation and infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the role of sex-steroids in colonisation among men is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between circulating sex-steroids and nasal carriage of S. aureus in a general male population. The population-based Tromsø6 study (2007–2008) included 752 males aged 31–87 years with serum sex-steroids measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and two nasal swab samples for the assessment of S. aureus carriage. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to study the association between sex-steroid concentrations and S. aureus persistent nasal carriage (two positive swabs vs. others), while adjusting for potential confounding factors. S. aureus persistent nasal carriage prevalence was 32%. Among men aged 55 years and above (median age 65 years), there was an inverse dose-response relationship between serum concentration of testosterone and persistent nasal carriage, and carriers had significantly lower mean levels of testosterone (P = 0.028, OR = 0.94 per nmol/l change in testosterone; 95% CI = 0.90–0.98). This association was attenuated when adjusting for body mass index and age (OR = 0.96 per nmol/l change in testosterone; 95% CI = 0.91–1.01). There was no association in the total population. This large population-based study suggests that testosterone levels may be inversely related to S. aureus persistent nasal carriage in older men. Future studies addressing biological mechanisms underlying the male predisposition to S. aureus colonisation and infection may foster preventive interventions that take sex-differences into account. Keywords: circulating sex-steroids, population-based study, Staphylococcus aureus carriage, testosterone

• Beldo, Sigurd Klemetsen; Aars, Nils Abel; Christoffersen, Tore; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas & Hansen, Bjørge Hermann [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Criterion validity of the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale in adolescents : the Fit Futures Study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(9), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273480. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) is commonly used to measure physical activity (PA) in population studies, but its validity in adolescents is unknown. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of the SGPALS against accelerometry in a large sample of adolescents. A secondary aim was to examine the validity across strata of sex, body mass index (BMI), parental educational level, study program and self-reported health. Methods: The study is based on data from 572 adolescents aged 15–17 years who participated in the Fit Futures Study 2010–11 in Northern Norway. The participants were invited to wear an accelerometer (GT3X) attached to their hip for seven consecutive days. We used Spearman’s rho and linear regression models to assess the validity of the SGPALS against the following accelerometry estimates of PA; mean counts/minute (CPM), steps/day, and minutes/ day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The SGPALS correlated with mean CPM (ρ = 0.40, p<0.01), steps/day (ρ = 0.35, p<0.01) and MVPA min/day (ρ = 0.35, p<0.01). We observed no differences between correlations within demographic strata (all p>0.001). Higher scores on SGPALS were associated with a higher CPM, higher number of steps per day and more minutes of MVPA per day, with the following mean differences in PA measurements between the SGPALS ranks: CPM increased by 53 counts (95% CI: 44 to 62), steps/day increased by 925 steps (95% CI: 731 to 1118), and MVPA by 8.4 min/day (95% CI: 6.7 to 10.0). Mean difference between the highest and lowest SGPALS category was 2947 steps/day (6509 vs. 9456 steps/day) and 26.4 min/day MVPA (35.2 minutes vs 61.6 minutes). Conclusion: We found satisfactory ranking validity of SGPALS measured against accelerometry in adolescents, which was fairly stable across strata of sex, BMI, and education. However, the validity of SGPALS in providing information on absolute physical activity levels seem limited.

• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Nozal Cañadas, Rafael; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Svendsen, Kristian [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Social network analysis of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a general youth population. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1201-9712. 123, p. 200–209. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.018. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Staphylococcus aureus carriage increases infection risk. We used social network analysis to evaluate whether contacts have the same S. aureus genotype indicating direct transmission, or whether contagiousness is an indirect effect of contacts sharing the same lifestyle or characteristics. Methods The Fit Futures 1 study collected data on social contact among 1038 high school students. S. aureus carriage was determined from two nasal swab cultures and S. aureus genotype from spa-typing of a positive throat swab. Results S. aureus carriage and spa-type were transmitted in the social network (p<0.001). The probability of carriage increased by 5.0% for each S. aureus positive friend. Male sex was associated with a 15% lower risk of transmission compared to female sex, although the prevalence of carriage was higher for men (36% versus 24%). Students with medium physical activity level, medium/high alcohol-use, or normal-weight had higher number of contacts and increased risk of transmission (p<0.002). Conclusions We demonstrate direct social transmission of S. aureus. Lifestyle factors are associated with risk of transmission suggesting indirect social group effects on S. aureus carriage from friends having more similar environmental exposures. The male predominance in carriage is determined by sex-specific predisposing host characteristics as social transmission is less frequent than in females. Information on social network may add to a better understanding of S. aureus epidemiology. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, population-based study, spa-type, network analysis

• Mohus, Randi Marie; Gustad, Lise Tuset; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Moen, Martine Kjølberg; Liyanarachi, Kristin Vardheim & Askim, Åsa Susanne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Explaining sex differences in risk of bloodstream infections using mediation analysis in the population-based HUNT study in Norway. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12569-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Previous studies indicate sex differences in incidence and severity of bloodstream infections (BSI). We examined the effect of sex on risk of BSI, BSI mortality, and BSI caused by the most common infecting bacteria. Using causal mediation analyses, we assessed if this effect is mediated by health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption), education, cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index) and selected comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, cancer history and chronic lung disease). This prospective study included 64,040 participants (46.8% men) in the population-based HUNT2 Survey (1995−97) linked with hospital records in incident BSI. During median follow-up of 14.8 years, 1840 (2.9%) participants (51.3% men) experienced a BSI and 396 (0.6%) died (56.6% men). Men had 41% higher risk of first-time BSI (95% confidence interval (CI), 28−54%) than women. Together, health behaviours, education, cardiovascular risk factors and the selected comorbidities mediated 34% of the excess risk of BSI observed in men. The HR of BSI mortality was 1.87 (95%CI, 1.53−2.28), for BSI due to S. aureus 2.09 (1.28−2.54), S. pneumoniae 1.36 (1.05−1.76), and E. coli 0.97 (0.84−1.13) in men vs women. This population-based study shows that men have higher risk of BSI and BSI mortality than women. One-third of this effect was mediated by potential modifiable risk factors for incident BSI.

• Indre Lund, Charlotte; Engdahl, Bo Lars; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Stubhaug, Audun; Grimnes, Guri & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). The association between age at menarche and chronic pain outcomes in women: the Tromsø Study, 2007 to 2016. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 163(9), p. 1790–1799. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002579. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sex differences in chronic pain are well established with documented predominance in women. This study assessed relationships between age at menarche and chronic pain, site-specific chronic pain, pain characteristics, and chronic widespread pain (CWP). We used data from the Tromsø Study conducted in 2007 to 2008 and 2015 to 2016 (Tromsø 6 and Tromsø 7 waves) including participants aged 30 to 99 years. The associations between age at menarche and chronic pain were examined in Tromsø 6 (n 5 6449), Tromsø 7 (n 5 5681), and the combination of Tromsø 6 and Tromsø 7 (n 5 12,130). Tromsø 7 data were used further to examine the associations between age at menarche and site-specific chronic pain, 4 pain characteristics (pain duration, pain intensity, episode duration, and episode frequency), and CWP. All analyses were adjusted for body mass index, age, and economic status of the household in childhood. Lower age at menarche was associated with an increased risk of chronic pain in all 3 samples (risk ratio for each year delay in menarche 0.98, 95% CI [0.97 to 0.99] across samples). Risk differences were 20.014, CI 95% (20.02 to 20.005) in Tromsø 6, 20.011, CI 95% (20.02 to 20.02) in Tromsø 7, and 20.012, CI 95% (20.02 to 20.01) in the combined sample. Age at menarche was significantly associated with chronic pain in the neck, abdomen, and both arms, and CWP. Of the 4 pain characteristics, pain duration was statistically significant. We conclude that early menarche is an independent risk factor for pain across a broad spectrum of pain outcomes. Keywords: chronic pain, sex differences in pain, site-specific chronic pain, pain characteristics, chronic widespread pain, early menarche, exposure to estrogen

• Linkas, Jonas; Ahmed, Luai A.; Csifcsak, Gabor; Emaus, Nina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Are pro-inflammatory markers associated with psychological distress in a cross-sectional study of healthy adolescents 15–17 years of age? : the Fit Futures study. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 10, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00779-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression and anxiety disorder in adolescents. Less is known about the association between inflammation and subclinical symptoms in the form of psychological distress. We investigated prevalence of psychological distress and examined the associations between common pro-inflammatory markers and psychological distress in an adolescent population sample. Methods: The study was based on data from 458 girls and 473 boys aged 15–17 years from the Fit Futures Study, a large-scale study on adolescent health, conducted in Northern Norway. Psychological distress was measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10). Serum-levels of the following low-grade inflammatory markers were measured: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), tumor necrosis factor alpha variant 1 (TRANCE) and tumor necrosis factor alpha variant 2 (TWEAK). Associations between quartiles of inflammatory markers and HSCL-10 were examined by logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders in sex-stratified analyses. Results: The proportion of psychological distress above cutoff were 26.9% and 10.8% among girls and boys, respectively. In both girls and boys, crude analysis showed positive associations between all inflammatory markers and HSCL-10, except for TWEAK and TRANCE in boys. However, none of these associations were statistically significant. Further, there were no significant findings in the adjusted analyses. Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of psychological distress in girls compared to boys. Pro-inflammatory markers were not significantly associated with psychological distress in data from healthy adolescents aged 15–17 years.

• Linkas, Jonas; Ahmed, Luai A.; Csifcsak, Gabor; Emaus, Nina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). C-Reactive Protein and TGF-α Predict Psychological Distress at Two Years of Follow-Up in Healthy Adolescent Boys : the Fit Futures Study. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 13, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823420. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The scarcity of research on associations between inflammatory markers and symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence has yielded inconsistent results. Further, not all studies have controlled for potential confounders. We explored the associations between baseline inflammatory markers and psychological distress including moderators at follow-up in a Norwegian adolescent population sample. Methods: Data was derived from 373 girls and 294 boys aged 15–18 years at baseline, in the Fit Futures Study, a large-scale 2-year follow-up study on adolescent health. Baseline data was gathered from 2010 to 2011 and follow-up data from 2012 to 2013. Psychological distress was measured with Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10). Serum levels of the following inflammatory markers were measured: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), Tumor necrosis factor alpha variant 1 (TRANCE), and variant 2 (TWEAK). Independent associations between baseline inflammatory markers and HSCL-10 at follow-up were explored by linear regressions, in sex-stratified analyses. Results: In girls, analyses showed positive associations between all inflammatory markers and HSCL-10, except for TRANCE. However, all associations were non-significant in crude as well as in adjusted analyses. In boys, CRP (p = 0.03) and TGF-α (p < 0.01) showed significant associations with HSCL-10, that remained significant after adjustment. Additionally, moderators were found. In boys, CRP was associated with HSCL-10 in those with high body fat and those being physical inactive, and the association between TWEAK and HSCL-10 was dependent upon sleep duration. Conclusion: There were significant prospective associations between CRP, TFG-α, and HSCL-10 in boys aged 15–18 years at baseline.

• Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Hegre, Siv Anita; Danielsen, Kjersti & Jenssen, Marita [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). MicroRNA profiling of psoriatic skin identifies 11 miRNAs associated with disease severity. Experimental Dermatology. ISSN 0906-6705. 31(4), p. 535–547. doi: 10.1111/exd.14497. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as central regulators of gene expression and powerful biomarkers of disease. Much is yet unknown about their role in psoriasis pathology. To globally characterize the miRNAome of psoriatic skin, skin biopsies were collected from psoriatic cases (n = 75) and non-psoriatic controls (n = 46) and RNA sequenced. Count data were meta-analysed with a previously published dataset (cases, n = 24, controls, n = 20), increasing the number of psoriatic cases fourfold from previously published studies. Differential gene expression analyses were performed comparing lesional psoriatic (PP), non-lesional psoriatic (PN) and control (NN) skin. Further, functional enrichment and cell-specific analyses were performed. Across all contrasts, we identified 439 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), of which 85 were novel for psoriasis and 11 were related to disease severity. Meta-analyses identified 20 DEMs between PN and NN, suggesting an inherent change in the constitution of all skin in psoriasis. By integrating the miRNA transcriptome with mRNA target interactions, we identified several functionally enriched terms, including “thyroid hormone signalling,” “insulin resistance” and various infectious diseases. Cell-specific expression analyses revealed that the upregulated DEMs were enriched in epithelial and immune cells. This study provides the most comprehensive overview of the miRNAome in psoriatic skin to date and identifies a miRNA signature related to psoriasis severity. Our results may represent molecular links between psoriasis and related comorbidities and have outlined potential directions for future functional studies to identify biomarkers and treatment targets.

• Flatby, Helene Marie; Rasheed, Humaira; Ravi, Anuradha; Thomas, Laurent; Liyanarachi, Kristin Vardheim & Afset, Jan Egil [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Risk of lower respiratory tract infections: a genome-wide association study with Mendelian randomization analysis in three independent European populations. Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI). ISSN 1198-743X. 28(5), p. 732.e1–732.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Few studies have previously investigated the genetic susceptibility and potential risk factors for LRTI. Methods: We used data from UK Biobank, HUNT, and FinnGen, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Cases were subjects hospitalized with LRTI, and controls were subjects with no such hospitalization. We conducted stratification and interaction analyses to evaluate if the genetic effect of LRTI differed by sex or smoking. Mendelian randomization [MR] analyses were conducted to identify the unconfounded relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and LRTI. Results: A total of 25,320 cases and 575,294 controls were included. The 15q25.1 locus reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis (rs10519203: OR = 0.94, P = 3.87e-11). The protective effect of effect allele of rs10519203 was present among smokers (OR = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.87 - 0.92, P = 1.38e-15]) but not among never-smokers (OR = 1.01 [95% CI = 0.97 - 1.06, P = 5.20e-01]). In MR analyses, we found that increasing body mass index (OR = 1.31 [95% CI = 1.24 - 1.40, P = 3.78e-18]), lifetime smoking (OR = 2.83 [95% CI = 2.34 - 3.42, P = 6.56e-27]), and systolic blood pressure robustly increased the risk of LRTIs (OR = 1.11 [95% CI = 1.02 - 1.22, P = 1.48e-02]). Conclusion: A region in 15q25.1 was strongly associated with LRTI susceptibility. Reduction of the prevalence of smoking, overweight, obesity, and hypertension may reduce the disease burden of LRTIs. Keywords: body mass index, genome-wide association study, lowerrespiratory tract infection, mendelianrandomization, pneumonia, respiratory infection, smoking

• Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Emaus, Nina; Christoffersen, Tore; Winther, Anne; Evensen, Elin & Thrane, Gyrd [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). The influence of snuff and smoking on bone accretion in late adolescence : the Tromsø study, Fit Futures. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 16(1), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s11657-021-01003-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Summary: Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predicts future fracture risk. This study explores associations between use of tobacco and bone accretion in Norwegian adolescents. Our results indicate that use of snuff is negatively associated with accretion of aBMD in adolescence and may be a signal of increased future fracture risk. Purpose: Bone mineral accrual in childhood and adolescence is a long-term primary preventive strategy of osteoporosis. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is a surrogate measure of bone strength and a predictor of fracture risk. The aim of this population-based 2-year follow-up cohort study was to explore associations between use of snuff and smoking and changes (∆) in aBMD in Norwegian girls and boys aged 15–17 years at baseline. Methods: The first wave of the Tromsø study, Fit Futures was conducted from 2010 to 2011. Femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), and total body (TB) bone mineral content (BMC) and aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on use of snuff, smoking habits, and other lifestyle related variables were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Two years later, during 2012–2013, the measurements were repeated in the second wave. The present study included 349 girls and 281 boys and compared “non-users” (n = 243 girls, 184 boys) with “users” (n = 105 girls, 96 boys) of snuff and “non-smokers” (n = 327 girls, 249 boys) with “smokers” (n = 21 girls, 31 boys) using linear regression adjusted for age, baseline height and weight, change in height and weight, pubertal maturation, physical activity, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, diagnosis known to affect bone, and medication known to affect bone. The influence of “double use” on bone accretion was also explored. Results: In girls, no associations between use of snuff and ∆aBMD were found. In boys, use of snuff was associated with reduced bone accretion in all ∆aBMD models. Sensitivity analysis with exclusion of “sometimes” users of snuff strengthened associations at femoral sites in girls and attenuated all associations in boys. In girls, no associations between smoking and ∆aBMD were found. In boys, only the association with TB ∆aBMD was significant in the fully adjusted models. In girls, “double users” analyses showed similar association to smoking. In boys, nearly all models showed statistically significant associations with a difference of ~ 1–2% in ∆aBMD between “non-users” and “double users” during 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: Our results indicate that tobacco use in late adolescence could be detrimental to bone accretion and may be a signal of increased fracture risk in adult life.

• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Ericson, Johanna U [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population. European Journal of Endocrinology (EJE). ISSN 0804-4643. 184(2), p. 333–342. doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-0877. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and nasal carriers have an increased risk for infection and disease. The exploration of host determinants for nasal carriage is relevant to decrease infection burden. Former studies demonstrate lower carriage prevalence in women and among users of progestin-only contraceptives. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between circulating sex-steroid hormones and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in a general population. Methods: In the population-based sixth Tromsø study (2007–2008) nurses collected nasal swab samples from 724 women aged 30–87 not using any exogenous hormones, and 700 of the women had a repeated nasal swab taken (median interval 28 days). We analysed a panel of serum sex-steroids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and collected information about lifestyle, health and anthropometric measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus carriage (one swab) and persistent carriage (two swabs), while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women in luteal phase were excluded in the analysis of androgens. Results: Staphylococcus aureus persistent nasal carriage prevalence was 22%. One standard deviation increase in testosterone and bioavailable testosterone was associated with lower odds of persistent nasal carriage, (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.35–0.92 and OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30–0.92) respectively. Analysis stratified by menopause gave similar findings. Persistent carriers had lower average levels of andros tenedione and DHEA, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion: This large population-based study supports that women with lower levels of circulating testosterone may have increased probability of Staphylococcus aureus persistent carriage.

• Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Drachev, Sergei Nikolaevich & Trovik, Tordis A (2021). Common social determinants for overweight and obesity, and dental caries among adolescents in Northern Norway : a cross-sectional study from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures cohort. BMC Oral Health. ISSN 1472-6831. 21, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01406-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Non-communicable general and oral health conditions share common risk factors. Studies investigating common social determinants as risk factors for overweight/obesity and dental caries among the same adolescents are scarce and inconclusive. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 464 girls and 494 boys from the population-based Tromsø study Fit Futures, which included first-year students attending upper secondary school in 2010–2011 from two municipalities in Northern Norway (1038 participants in total, 93% participation rate). Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses stratified by sex were used to investigate the association between socioeconomic position indicators (adolescent’s own study program, parents’ education and employment status) and overweight/obesity indicated by body weight and waist circumference, untreated dental caries in dentine, and when these conditions were considered simultaneously. Results: Boys enrolled in the general studies and sports programs (versus vocational) had lower odds of being overweight/obese (POR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20–0.86 and POR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.73, respectively), of having high waist circumference (POR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.75 and POR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.64, respectively), dental caries (POR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.99 and POR 0.47, 95% CI 0.22–0.98, respectively), and being simultaneously overweight/obese, having high waist circumference and dental caries (POR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.81 and POR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.98, respectively). Girls enrolled in the general studies program (versus vocational) had lower odds of having dental caries (POR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.84). Conclusions: Adolescent’s own study program was identified to be a common social determinant for overweight/obesity and dental caries among boys. These results support the broader concept of social determinants as common risk factors for general and oral health conditions, and call for common health promotion strategies addressing these common social determinants among adolescents. However, there is a need for more studies to investigate and better understand the influence of social determinants on health conditions among adolescents.

• Averina, Maria; Brox, Jan; Huber, Sandra & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2021). Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity in adolescents : the Fit Futures study. Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 195(April), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110740. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia has been increasing in children and adolescents worldwide. Exposure to environmental pollutants may contribute to this development. Our aim was to study associations between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity in a population-based sample of adolescents. Methods Serum PFAS concentrations were measured in 940 adolescents, mean age 16.4 (SD 1.3) years, from the cross-sectional Fit Futures study by the UHPLC-MS/MS method. The following endpoints were used: hypertension (systolic blood pressure over 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure over 80 mmHg); obesity (body mass index over 2 z-score, WHO charts for adolescents); dyslipidemia (total cholesterol ≥ 5.17 mmol/L, and/or LDL-cholesterol ≥ 3.36 mmol/l, and/or apolipoprotein B ≥ 1.10 g/L). Results Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) serum concentrations were positively associated with apolipoprotein B, total- and LDL cholesterol. The highest vs. lowest quartiles of total PFAS (∑PFAS), PFNA and PFDA concentrations were positively associated with the risk of dyslipidemia: OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.10-4.54), OR 2.30 (95% CI 1.16-4.57) and 2.36 (95% CI 1.08-5.16), respectively. The highest vs. lowest quartiles of ∑PFAS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFOS, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations were positively associated with the risk of hypertension: OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.12-3.26), OR 2.06 (95% CI 1.16-3.65), 1.86 (95% CI 1.08-3.19) and 2.08 (95% CI 1.17-3.69) respectively. PFHxS and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) concentrations were positively associated with obesity. Conclusions This cross-sectional study showed a possible link between several PFAS and dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity in Norwegian adolescents. Keywords: dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, PFAS, cardiovascular risk factors

• Aars, Nils Abel; Beldo, Sigurd; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Horsch, Alexander; Morseth, Bente & Emaus, Nina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Association between objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in body composition in adolescents : the Tromsø study fit futures cohort. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 10(10), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036991. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Physical activity may be important in deterring the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to determine whether objectively measured physical activity in first year of upper secondary high school predicted changes in body composition over 2 years of follow-up in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n=431). Design A longitudinal study of adolescents (mean age of 16 (SD 0.4) at baseline, 60.3% girls) participating in the Fit Futures studies 1 (2010–2011) and 2 (2012–2013). Setting All eight upper secondary high schools in two municipalities in Northern Norway. Participants Students participating in both studies and under the age of 18 at baseline and with valid measurement of physical activity at baseline and body composition in both surveys. Primary and secondary outcomes Change in objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference and change in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass index, lean mass index (LMI) and appendicular LMI (aLMI) between baseline and follow-up. Results At baseline, boys had significantly higher physical activity volume (p=0.01) and spent on average of 6.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 10.6) more minutes in moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) than girls (p<0.01). In girls, multivariate regression analyses showed that more sedentary time was negatively associated with changes in LMI (p<0.01) and aLMI (p<0.05), whereas more light activity had opposite effects on these measures (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). No significant associations between measures of baseline physical activity and changes in body composition parameters were observed in boys. Conclusions In this cohort of Norwegian adolescents, sedentary and light physical activity was associated with changes in LMI and aLMI in girls, but not boys. Minutes spent in MVPA in first year of upper secondary high school was not associated with changes in measures of body composition in neither sex after 2 years.

• Beldo, Sigurd; Morseth, Bente; Christoffersen, Tore; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Prevalence of accelerometer-measured physical activity in adolescents in Fit Futures - part of the Tromsø Study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 20. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09171-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Vorobieva, Veronika; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Slotved, Hans-Christian; Bazhukova, Tatiana; Haldorsen, Bjørg & Caugant, Dominique A [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage strains in pre-school children in Arkhangelsk, northern European Russia, prior to the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 20, p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-04998-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in the National Immunization Programme (NIP) schedule in Russia in March 2014. Previously, the 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-7) was marketed in Russia in 2009 but has never been offered for mass vaccination. A carriage study was performed among children in Arkhangelsk in 2006. The objective was to determine the prevalence of carriage, serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains before marketing and introduction of PCV-13. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cluster-randomized sample of children and a self-administrated questionnaire for parents/guardians. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 438 children younger than 7 years attending nurseries and kindergartens in the Arkhangelsk region, Russia. Detailed demographic data, as well as information about the child’s health, traveling, exposure to antimicrobials within the last 3 months and anthropometric measurements were collected for all study subjects. Variables extracted from the questionnaire were analysed using statistic regression models to estimate the risk of carriage. All pneumococcal isolates were examined with susceptibility testing, serotyping and multilocus sequence typing. Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic carriage was high and peaking at 36 months with a rate of 57%. PCV-13 covered 67.3% of the detected strains. High rates of non-susceptibility to penicillin, macrolides and multidrug resistance were associated with specific vaccine serotypes, pandemic clones, and local sequence types. Nine percent of isolates represented three globally disseminated disease-associated pandemic clones; penicillin- and macrolide-resistant clones NorwayNT-42 and Poland6B-20, as well as penicillin- and macrolide-susceptible clone Netherlands3-31. A high level of antimicrobial consumption was noted by the study. According to the parent’s reports, 89.5% of the children used at least one antimicrobial regime since birth. None of the hypothesised predictors of S. pneumoniae carriage were statistically significant in univariable and multivariable logistic models. Conclusions: The study identified a high coverage of the PCV-13-vaccine, but serotype replacement and expansion of globally disseminated disease-associated clones with non-vaccine serotypes may be expected. Further surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution is therefore required.

• Opdal, Ida Marie; Morseth, Bente; Handegård, Bjørn Helge; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Nilsen, Wendy & Nielsen, Christopher Sivert [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Is change in mental distress among adolescents predicted by sedentary behavior or screen time? Results from the longitudinal population study The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 10(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035549. Full text in Research Archive
• Schistad, Ellina Iordanova; Kong, Xiang Yi; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Bäckryd, Emmanuel; Grimnes, Guri & Emaus, Nina [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). A population-based study of inflammatory mechanisms and pain sensitivity. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 161(2), p. 338–350. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001731. Full text in Research Archive
• Opdal, Ida Marie; Morseth, Bente; Handegård, Bjørn Helge; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Ask, Helga & Nielsen, Christopher Sivert [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Change in physical activity is not associated with change in mental distress among adolescents: The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 19:916. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7271-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Simonsen, Gunnar Skov [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Hormonal contraceptive use and Staphylococcus aureus nasal and throat carriage in a Norwegian youth population. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218511. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Ahmed, Luai A.; Winther, Anne; Christoffersen, Tore; Thrane, Gyrd & Evensen, Elin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Body weight and body mass index influence bone mineral density in late adolescence in a two -year follow -up study. The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. JBMR Plus. ISSN 2473-4039. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10195. Full text in Research Archive
• Averina, Maria; Brox, Jan; Huber, Sandra; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Sørensen, Martin (2019). Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)and risk of various allergies in adolescents. The Tromsø study Fit Futures in Northern Norway. Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 169, p. 114–121. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Evensen, Elin; Emaus, Nina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Kokkvoll, Ane Sofie; Wells, Jonathan & Wilsgaard, Tom [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Adolescent body composition and associations with body size and growth from birth to late adolescence. The Tromsø study: Fit Futures—A Norwegian longitudinal cohort study. Pediatric Obesity. ISSN 2047-6302. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12492.
• Aars, Nils Abel; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimsgaard, Sameline (2018). Self‐reported physical activity during leisure time was favourably associated with body composition in Norwegian adolescents. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 108(6), p. 1122–1127. doi: 10.1111/apa.14660.
• Evensen, Elin; Skeie, Guri; Wilsgaard, Tom; Christoffersen, Tore; Dennison, Elaine & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). How Is Adolescent Bone Mass and Density Influenced by Early Life Body Size and Growth? The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures—A Longitudinal Cohort Study From Norway. JBMR Plus. ISSN 2473-4039. 2(5), p. 268–280. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10049. Full text in Research Archive
• Averina, Maria; Brox, Jan; Huber, Sandra & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2018). Perfluoroalkyl substances in adolescents in northern Norway: Lifestyle and dietary predictors. The Tromsø study, Fit Futures 1. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 114, p. 123–130. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.031.
• Engebretsen, Solveig; Frigessi, Arnoldo; Engø-Monsen, Kenth; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Stubhaug, Audun & De Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). The peer effect on pain tolerance. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 18(3), p. 467–477. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0060. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Anne; Jørgensen, Lone; Ahmed, Luai A.; Christoffersen, Tore; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Bone mineral density at the hip and its relation to fat mass and lean mass in adolescents: the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 19(21). doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-1933-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugen, Pål; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Primicerio, Raul; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Småbrekke, Lars (2018). Antibiotics to outpatients in Norway—Assessing effect of latitude and municipality population size using quantile regression in a cross-sectional study. Pharmaceutical statistics. ISSN 1539-1604. 17(1), p. 4–11. doi: 10.1002/pst.1831. Full text in Research Archive
• Christoffersen, Tore; Emaus, Nina; Dennison, Elaine; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Gracia-Marco, Luis & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). The association between childhood fractures and adolescence bone outcomes: a population-based study, the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 29(2), p. 441–450. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4300-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Sørensen, Martin; Klingenberg, Claus; Wickman, Magnus; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Bachert, Claus [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is associated with allergic poly-sensitization and allergic multimorbidity in adolescents. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 72(10), p. 1548–1555. doi: 10.1111/all.13175.
• Jasienska, Grazyna; Bribiescas, Richard G.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Helle, Samuli & Núñez-de la Mora, Alejandra (2017). Human reproduction and health: an evolutionary perspective. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 390(10093), p. 510–520. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30573-1.
• Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Ahmed, Luai A.; Winther, Anne; Christoffersen, Tore; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Changes and tracking of bone mineral density in late adolescence: the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 12:37, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0328-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Sand, Anne-Sofie; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Lian, Olaug S; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert; Pettersen, Gunn & Winther, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Cross-sectional study of the differences between measured, perceived and desired body size and their relations with self-perceived health in young adults: The Tromsø Study - Fit Futures 2. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 45(3), p. 322–330. doi: 10.1177/1403494817690941. Full text in Research Archive
• Evensen, Elin; Emaus, Nina; Kokkvoll, Ane Sofie; Wilsgaard, Tom; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Skeie, Guri (2017). The relation between birthweight, childhood body mass index, and overweight and obesity in late adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study from Norway, The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures . BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 7:e015576(6), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015576. Full text in Research Archive
• Christoffersen, Tore; Ahmed, Luai A.; Daltveit, Anne Kjersti; Dennison, Elaine; Evensen, Elin & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2017). The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 12. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0348-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Schistad, Ellina Iordanova; Stubhaug, Audun; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Engdahl, Bo Lars & Nielsen, Christopher Sivert (2017). C-reactive protein and cold-pressor tolerance in the general population: the Tromsø Study. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 158(7), p. 1280–1288. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000912.
• Hanssen, Anne-Merethe; Kindlund, Bert; Stenklev, Niels Christian; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Fismen, Silje & Olsen, Renate Slind [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Localization of Staphylococcus aureus in tissue from the nasal vestibule in healthy carriers. BMC Microbiology. ISSN 1471-2180. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0997-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Danielsen, Kjersti; Wilsgaard, Tom; Olsen, Anne Olaug & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2017). Overweight and Weight Gain Predict Psoriasis Development in a Population-based Cohort. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555. 97(3), p. 332–339. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2530. Full text in Research Archive
• Sørensen, Martin; Wickman, Magnus; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Klingenberg, Claus (2016). Allergic disease and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in adolescents in the Arctic region of Norway. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 27(7), p. 728 –735. doi: 10.1111/pai.12595.
• Christoffersen, Tore; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Winther, Anne; Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Fracture incidence rates in Norwegian children, The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 11(1). doi: 10.1007/s11657-016-0294-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjeldheim, Frøydis Nyborg; Frydenberg, Hanne; Flote, Vidar Gordon; McTiernan, Anne; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Ellison, Peter T. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2016). Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1), daily cycling estrogen and mammographic density phenotypes. BMC Cancer. ISSN 1471-2407. 16:776, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2804-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Tham, See Wan; Palermo, Tonya M; Holley, Amy Lewandowski; Zhou, Chuan; Stubhaug, Audun & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). A population-based study of quantitative sensory testing in adolescents with and without chronic pain. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 157(12), p. 2807–2815. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000716.
• Frydenberg, Hanne; Thune, Inger; Lofterød, Trygve; Mortensen, Elin Synnøve; Eggen, Anne Elise & Risberg, Terje [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2016). Pre-diagnostic high-sensitive C-reactive protein and breast cancer risk, recurrence, and survival. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. ISSN 0167-6806. 155(2), p. 345–354. doi: 10.1007/s10549-015-3671-1.
• Evensen, Elin Kristin; Wilsgaard, Tom; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Skeie, Guri (2016). Tracking of overweight and obesity from early childhood to adolescence in a population-based cohort – the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0599-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Iversen, Anita; Frydenberg, Hanne; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Flote, Vidar Gordon; Finstad, Sissi Espetvedt & McTiernan, Anne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). Cyclic endogenous estrogen and progesterone vary by mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. ISSN 0959-8278. 25(1), p. 9–18. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000130. Show summary

  Estrogen and progesterone are key factors in the development of breast cancer, but it remains unclear whether these hormones are associated with mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. We measured percent mammographic density, nondense area, and absolute mammographic density using computer-assisted breast density readings (Madena) from digitized mammograms taken on a scheduled day of the menstrual cycle (day 7-12) among 202 healthy, premenopausal women (Energy Balance and Breast cancer Aspects Study-I). Daily salivary concentrations of 17β-estradiol and progesterone throughout an entire menstrual cycle and fasting morning serum concentrations of hormones on 3 specific days of the menstrual cycle were assessed. Salivary and serum 17β-estradiol and progesterone were positively associated with percent mammographic density, we observed by 1 SD increase in overall salivary estradiol (β-value equal to 2.07, P=0.044), luteal salivary progesterone (β-value equal to 2.40, P=0.020). Women with above-median percent mammographic density had a 20% higher mean salivary 17β-estradiol level throughout the menstrual cycle. The odds ratio for having above-median percent mammographic density (>28.5%) per 1 SD increase in overall salivary 17β-estradiol was 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.13-2.45). Women in the top tertile of the overall average daily 17β-estradiol concentrations had an odds ratio of 2.54 (confidence interval 1.05-6.16) of above-median percent mammographic density compared with women in the bottom tertile. Our finding of a relationship between estrogen, progesterone, and percent mammographic density and not with other mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women is biologically plausible, but needs to be replicated in larger studies.

• Christoffersen, Tore; Winther, Anne; Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Does the frequency and intensity of physical activity in adolescence have an impact on bone? The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation. ISSN 2052-1847. 7(26). doi: 10.1186/s13102-015-0020-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Frydenberg, Hanne; Flote, Vidar Gordon; Larsson, Ine Marie; Barrett, Emily S.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Ursin, Giske [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2015). Alcohol consumption, endogenous estrogen and mammographic density among premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 17:103. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0620-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Flote, Vidar Gordon; Frydenberg, Hanne; Ursin, Giske; Iversen, Anita; Fagerland, Morten & Ellison, Peter T. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2015). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, daily estradiol and progesterone, and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. Cancer Prevention Research. ISSN 1940-6207. 8(6), p. 535–544. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0267.
• Danielsen, Kjersti; Wilsgaard, Tom; Olsen, Anne Olaug; Eggen, Anne Elise; Olsen, Karina & Cassano, P. A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Elevated odds of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis: A population-based study of age and sex differences. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 172(2), p. 419–427. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13288. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Anne; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri; Jorde, Rolf & Nilsen, Ole-Andreas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Leisure time computer use and adolescent bone health - findings from the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures: a cross sectional study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 5:e006665(6). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006665. Full text in Research Archive
• Flote, Vidar Gordon; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; McTiernan, Anne; Frydenberg, Hanne; Ursin, Giske & Iversen, Anita [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2014). Gene variations in oestrogen pathways, CYP19A1, daily 17β-estradiol and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 19:16. doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0499-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Winther, Anne; Dennison, Elaine; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri & Jorde, Rolf [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents' lifestyle and bone health. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 9:185. doi: 10.1007/s11657-014-0185-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Frydenberg, Hanne; Flote, Vidar Gordon; Iversen, Anita; Finstad, Sissi Espetvedt ; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Torjesen, Peter A [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and daily cycling estrogen are associated with mammographic density in premenopausal women. Cancer Causes and Control. ISSN 0957-5243. 25(7), p. 891–903. doi: 10.1007/s10552-014-0389-z.

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• Husby, Marit; Frydenberg, Hanne; Gustad, Lise Tuset; Skei, Nina Vibeche ; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Solligård, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Trends in sepsis mortality in cancer patients. A nationwide register-based study in Norway (poster 239).
• Linkas, Jonas; Ahmed, Luai A.; Csifcsak, Gabor; Emaus, Nina; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Corrigendum: C-Reactive Protein and TGF-α Predict Psychological Distress at Two Years of Follow-Up in Healthy Adolescent Boys: The Fit Futures Study (Front. Psychol., (2022), 13, 823420, 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823420). Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.953498.
• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Sollid, Johanna Ericson [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population.
• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Cañadas, Rafael A. Nozal; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Svendsen, Kristian [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Social network analysis of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a general youth population .
• Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert; Sollid, Johanna Ericson & Simonsen, Gunnar Skov [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general population in Norway.
• Mohus, Randi Marie; Gustad, Lise Tuset; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Moen, Martine Kjølberg; Liyanarachi, Kristin Vardheim & Askim, Åsa Susanne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Sex differences in incidence of bloodstream infections and the mediating role of known risk factors. Results from the population-based HUNT study in Norway. Norsk Epidemiologi, Supplement. ISSN 0803-4206.
• Løvsletten, Ola; Njølstad, Inger; Bønaa, Kaare Harald; Eggen, Anne Elise; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimsgaard, Sameline [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Is the ongoing obesity epidemic partly explained by concurrent decline in cigarette smoking? Insights from a longitudinal population study. the Tromsø Study 1994-2016.
• Grimsgaard, Sameline; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Wilhelmsen, Janne & Kanstad, Kristin Maren (2020). Tromsøundersøkelsen - samarbeid med Tromsø og Finnmark Fylkeskommune.
• Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Danielsen, Kjersti; Jenssen, Marita & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Combined mRNA and miRNA Analysis of Psoriatic Skin. Forum for Nordic Dermato-Venereology. ISSN 1402-2915. 24(2), p. 60–61.
• Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Danielsen, Kjersti; Jenssen, Marita & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Combined mRNA and miRNA Analysis of Psoriatic Skin.
• Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Danielsen, Kjersti; Jenssen, Marita & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Differentially Expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in Psoriatic Skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. ISSN 0022-202X. 139(9S).
• Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2019). NORM - Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mennesker .
• Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2019). Energibalanse, kreft og infeksjoner – et folkehelseperspektiv.
• Devold, Jonas Arvola & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2019). Atopic disease in relation to Staphylococcus aureus carriage and spa type distribution in a subarctic adult population. Norsk Epidemiologi, Supplement. ISSN 0803-4206. 28.
• Karlsen, Anna; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Olsen, Karina; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Grimnes, Guri & Nielsen, Christopher Sivert [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Smokeless Tobacco and Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus; The Tromsø Study – Fit Futures 1. Norsk Epidemiologi, Supplement. ISSN 0803-4206. 28.
• Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Simonsen, Gunnar Skov (2019). Antibiotikaresistens i Norge i endring. Indremedisineren. ISSN 1891-1617. 11(1), p. 26–29.
• Løset, Mari; Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Danielsen, Kjersti & Jenssen, Marita [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Differentially Expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in Psoriatic Skin .
• Solvin, Åshild Øksnevad; Chawla, Konika; Olsen, Lene Christin; Danielsen, Kjersti; Jenssen, Marita & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Differentially Expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in Psoriatic Skin.
• Aars, Nils Abel; Beldo, Sigurd; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Horsch, Alexander; Morseth, Bente & Emaus, Nina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). The association between objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in body composition in adolescents; The Tromsø Study Fit Futures Cohort.
• Njølstad, Inger; Bønaa, Kaare Harald; Eggen, Anne Elise; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimsgaard, Sameline & Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Is the ongoing overweight/obesity epidemic partly explained by concurrent decline in smoking?
• Skeie, Guri; Sandvær, Vårin; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri (2017). Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in adolescents from Troms, Norway.
• Aars, Nils Abel; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Grimsgaard, Sameline (2017). Physical Activity and Body Composition; Cross Sectional Results from the Tromsø Study - Fit Futures Cohort 2010-11.
• Stensen, Dina; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Simonsen, Gunnar Skov [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Hormonal contraceptive use and Staphylococcus aureus nasal and throat carriage in a Norwegian youth population. The Tromsø Study Fit Futures 2.
• Christoffersen, Tore; Ahmed, Luai A.; Daltveit, Anne Kjersti; Dennison, Elaine M.; Evensen, Elin & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2017). Erratum to: The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Troms? Study, Fit Futures. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 12(62). doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0358-8.
• Averina, Maria; Huber, Sandra; Brox, Jan & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2017). Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in schoolchildren from northern Norway: Dietary impact.
• Huber, Sandra; Averina, Maria; Njølstad, Inger; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Bolann, Bjørn Johan & Kjær, Mette [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Perfluoroalkyl substances in different cohorts from North Norway.
• Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2016). Forskning i Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober (NORM) gjennom 15 år.
• Vikan, Ida Marie Nyhagen; Primicerio, Raul; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Olsen, Karina [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in social networks.
• Skeie, Guri; Sandvær, Vårin; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Grimnes, Guri (2016). The Tromsø Study - Fit Futures: Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in adolescents .
• Danielsen, Kjersti; Wilsgaard, Tom; Olsen, Anne Olaug & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2016). Overweight and weight gain predict psoriasis development in a population-based cohort - The Tromsø Study .
• Vikan, Ida Marie Nyhagen; Primicerio, Raul; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert & Olsen, Karina [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in social networks.
• Winther, Anne; Jørgensen, Lone; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri & Jorde, Rolf [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Body composition´s influence on adolescent bone health - The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures.
• Winther, Anne; Jørgensen, Lone; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri & Jorde, Rolf [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Kroppssammensetning og fysisk aktivitets betydning for beinhelsen i ungdomsårene, Tromsøundersøkelsen: Fit Futures.
• Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Bakken, Marit Stordal; Bogen, Bård Erik; Bruvik, Frøydis Kristine; Flote, Vidar Gordon & Furberg, Anne-Sofie [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2014). Nyttig informasjon for god helse. In Ranhoff, Anette Hylen (Eds.), God helse. Hva du selv kan gjøre. Kom forlag. ISSN 978-82-93191-07-0.
• Flote, Vidar Gordon; Furberg, Anne-Sofie & Thune, Inger (2014). Kreft. In Ranhoff, Anette Hylen (Eds.), God helse. Hva du selv kan gjøre. Kom forlag. ISSN 978-82-93191-07-0. p. 178–227.
• Flote, Vidar Gordon; Thune, Inger; McTiernan, Anne; Ursin, Giske; Ellison, Peter T & Wist, Erik [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2014). Genetic variation in CYP19A1, daily estrogen level and mammographic density in premenopausal women. Show summary

  Background: Mammographic density is a strongly heritable biomarker for breast cancer development, but less is known about the associations between genetic variants of the CYP19A1 gene, involved in the estrogen pathway, daily levels of estrogens and mammographic density in premenopausal women. Material and Methods: We investigated the association between eight selected SNPs in CYP19A1gene, daily levels of salivary 17β-estradiol (E2) and mammographic density in 203 healthy women, aged 25–35 years participating in the Norwegian Energy Balance and Breast cancer Aspects (EBBA) study-I. Clinical examinations were performed. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped using Illumina Golden Gate platform including eight common polymorphisms in CYP19A1. Daily salivary 17β-estradiol was measured throughout an entire menstrual cycle using validated methods. Computer assisted mammographic density (Madena) was obtained from digitized mammograms taken at days 7–12 of the menstrual cycle. The associations between genetic variations in CYP19A1, 17β-estradiol and mammographic density were studied in multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results: The rs749292 minor alleles were associated with lower absolute mammographic density (β = −4.83, p = 0.032), and lower total breast area (β = −9.66, p = 0.024). Among lean women (BMI ≤ 23.6 kg/m2), the risk of having absolute mammographic density >32.4 cm2 was reduced by 78% in rs749292 heterozygote haplotype Aa, Odds Ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.7, and by 74% in minor haplotype aa, OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.95. Similar findings were observed for this genetic variation in CYP19A1 and percent mammographic density in lean women. The negative association with mammographic density could not be explained by variation in daily 17β-estradiol. There was no association between rs749292 and mammographic density among women with BMI > 23.6 kg/m2. Conclusion: Our findings suggest an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs749292 in CYP19A1 and mammographic density in premenopausal women, not explained by cycling estradiol levels.

• Winther, Anne; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri; Jorde, Rolf & Nilsen, Ole Andreas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Leisure time computer use and adolescent bone health; Findings from the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures.
• Løkeland-Stai, Mette; Hornæs, Mona Tornensis; Tufta, Jon Gunnar; Askeland, Olaug Margrete; Hammer, Elisabeth Lende & Strøm, Marianne Sørlie [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2020). Årlig driftsrapport 2019. Helseregistre ved Folkehelseinstituttet . Folkehelseinstituttet. Full text in Research Archive
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2019). Driftsrapport 2018 - Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober NORM. Folkehelseinstitutet. Full text in Research Archive
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Furberg, Anne-Sofie (2018). Årlig driftsrapport 2017. Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober (NORM) . Folkehelseinstituttet. Full text in Research Archive

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